| CR
Archive Volume 21, Number 3(2001) |
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Titles of research papers/articles alongwith their abstracts.
For full text, please contact to Editor-in-chief at : md@cropresearh.org
1. MUNIR A. TURK AND M. K. SHATANAWI [Effect of timing of nitrogen application at different developmental stages on the yield and yield components of barley]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 253-260 (2001). Faculty of Agriculture, Crop Production Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 3030, Irbid, Jordan
ABSTRACT
Nitrogen application based on calendar date is not the most effective use of nitrogen, because the developmental stage of the crop at that time is ignored, The objective of this study was to investigate the importance of timing the recommended rate of nitrogen fertiliser according to certain developmental stages of the apex. A two-year field study using widely grown cultivars, ACSAD 176 and Rum (Hordeum vulgare L.), during the 1994-95 and 1995-96 growing seasons at a field site of the Jordan University of Science and Technology campus (JUST) in northern Jordan. Applications were timed to coincide with floral initiation, onset of stem elongation and booting stages. In general, nitrogen application split, two or three times, resulted in a significant increase of grain yield for both cultivars in both the seasons compared with the traditional method of application. This increase in grain yield was associated with significant increase in spike number, 1000-grain weight, total biological yield and more interestingly, the harvest index (HI), especially for three-timed application. However, late single application at booting stage tended to reduce grain yield of both the cultivars due to decreased spike number and total biomass. For the cultivars studied, ACSAD 176 outyielded Rum in both the seasons due to higher 1000-grain weight, total biomass and the harvest index. In conclusion, this study suggests that nitrogen should be applied at certain critical developmental stages when the crop demand for nitrogen is high.
2. PARAMJIT, V. P. SINGH AND ANUREET KAUR [Effect of different levels of nitrogen and irrigation on growth and yield of malt barley var. Alfa-93]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 261-264 (2001). Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 1998-99 at Agronomy Research Area, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment comprised four levels of irrigation i.e. I0 (no irrigation), I1 (one irrigation at tillering stage), I2 (one irrigation at flag leaf stage) and I3 (two irrigations, first at tillering and second at flag leaf stage) and four levels of nitrogen (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N ha-1). The treatments were replicated four times in split plot design. Application of two irrigations first at tillering and second at flag leaf stage significantly increased the plant height, number of tillers, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, yield (grain+straw) and yield attributes as compared to other treatments of irrigation. The increasing levels of nitrogen upto 90 kg N ha-1 significantly increased growth, yield and yield attributes of malt barley.
3. V. S. SHEKHAWAT, M. S. SHAKTAWAT AND S. P. S. TANWAR [Effect of weed management under maize-blackgram intercropping system]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 265-267 (2001). Department of Agronomy, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India
ABSTRACT
A field experiment on weed management in maize-blackgram intercropping system was conducted at RCA, Udaipurduring kharif 1996. Among herbicidal treatments taken, lowest weed dry matter at 30 and 60 DAS and at harvest was recorded when metolachlor was applied @ 1 kg ha-1. Similarly, highest weed control efficiency, lowest weed competition index and nitrogen removal by weeds were found when above treatment was applied. Minimum weed dry matter at all the three stages of observation was recorded under 2 : 2 row planting system. Again, highest weed control efficiency, lowest weed competition index and nitrogen removal by weeds were recorded under 2 : 2 row planting system followed by alternate row planting system.
4. S. S. CHAUHAN, J. M. DIGHE AND R. A. SHARMA [Studies on utilization of available nutrients by sorghum genotypes in black cotton soils of Indore, M. P.]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 268-270 (2001). College of Agriculture, Indore-452 001 (M. P.), India
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted to study the available nitrogen and phosphorus in black cotton soil at Research Farm of College of Agriculture, Indore. The availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil was found the highest due to sorghum MLSH-14 genotype (207.25 kg N/ha and 7.2 kg P2O5/ha, respectively, at 80+40 kg N/ha fertility levels). The availability of nitrogen and phosphorus increased with increase in level of fertilizer upto 80+40 kg N and P2O5/ha and further increase in fertilizer level showed a decreasing trend in availability of these nutrients.
5. VINOD GOYAL, PARVEEN BANSAL, ANURADHA GOEL AND N. R. BISHNOI [Effect of terminal drought stress on different pigments of various genotypes of pearl millet]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 271-273 (2001) Department of Botany & Plant Physiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India
ABSTRACT
The present investigation was conducted on two pearl millet hybrids HHB-50 and HHB-67 and their parental lines MS-81A and H-90/4-5 and MS-843A and H-77/833-2 to study chlorophyll content under terminal water stress which was given under field conditions. A significant decrease in chlorophyll content and increase in carotenoid content was observed .
6. S. K. SARANGI1, D. LENKA, S. N. JENA AND J. M. L. GULATI [Modelling summer rice grain yield using growth and environmental parameters]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 274-277 (2001) Department of Agronomy, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 003 (Orissa), India
ABSTRACT
Data of 13 field experiments conducted at Central Agricultural Research Station and Regional Research Stations of Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology (OUAT), Bhubaneswar involving rice varieties of duration 123 to 148 days between 1970 to 1997 during summer seasons were studied in relation to growth and yield. A regression model has been developed to forecast transplanted summer rice yield taking growth parameters like plant height (x1), number of tillers (x2), length of panicle (x3), number of fertile grains (x4) and their weight (x5) and environmental parameters like bright sunshine hours (åBSH) (x6) and temperature (åTmean) (x7). The grain yield bore strong positive correlation with the yield parameters. Correlation of yield with growth parameters was significant. Grain yield was poorly correlated with temperature sum from flowering to ripening but strongly correlated with sum of bright sunshine hours during entire growth period. The regression equation of yield with these components was found to be : y= -4.7852-0.1094x1+0.5364x2+0.4114x 3-0.0838x4+0.4603x5+0.00183x 6+0.00053x7. On the basis of data available till flowering, the yields of grain can be predicted by this regression model with 90-95% confidence.
7. A. C. SARMA AND D. N. MEDHI [Recycling effect of crop residues and inorganic fertilizers on rice-wheat cropping sequence in high rainfall areas of Assam]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 278-282 (2001). Department of Agronomy, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-785 013 (Assam), India
ABSTRACT
Field experiments were conducted at Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during 1997-98 and 1998-99 to evaluate the recycling effect of crop residues and inorganic fertilizers on rice-wheat cropping sequence. Twelve treatment combinations involving three sources of crop residues viz., no crop residues, wheat straw (5 t/ha) and rice straw (5 t/ha) and four levels of inorganic fertilizers viz., no NPK, 50% NPK, 75% NPK and 100% NPK were tested in a randomised block design replicated thrice. The soil had pH 5.3, organic carbon 0.67%, CEC 6.10 C mol (p+)/kg and available N, P2O5 and K2O were 265.80, 14.70 and 71.90 kg/ha, respectively. Growth characters and yield attributes of both the crop were increased due to different treatments than that of control. During both the years, the yield of wheat and total rice equivalent yield of the system as a whole were increased significantly due to direct and cumulative effect of treatments than that of control. Rice straw (5 t/ha) applied alongwith 100% NPK gave better result in terms of yield indicating possibilities of saving 25 to 50% inorganic fertilizer application in long term basis.
8. H. S. THAKUR, R. K. S. RAGHUWANSHI, R. A. SHARMA AND N. K. SINHA [Long term effects of sulphur and zinc fertilization in soybean (Glycine max)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 283-286 (2001). College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Indore-452 001 (M. P.), India
ABSTRACT
Long term studies were conducted to evaluate the influence of sulphur and zinc fertilizers in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]-wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fion & Paol] cropping sequence on vertisols. The experiment consisted of 13 treatment combinations in four randomized blocks. The treatments were control (No S and Zn), S at the rate of 25 and 50 kg/ha through gypsum every year and alternate years in the kharif season only, and Zn as ZnCl2 and ZnSO4 at the rate of 5 and 10 kg Zn/ha in every year and in alternate years. Four years' results indicated 9-20% increase in yield of soybean and 4-9% increase in the yield of wheat. Application of 50 kg S/ha and 10 kg Zn/ha every year was essential to realise higher productivity of soybean and wheat.
9. S. K. DWIVEDI, V. K. AGRAWAL AND R. S. PATEL [Effect of foliar application of methanol on structural components of productivity of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Crop Res. 21 (3) : 287-289 (2001). Department of Agricultural Botany & Crop Physiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur-482 004 (M. P.), India
ABSTRACT
The influence of foliar application of methanol as a new plant growth regulator was evaluated to adjudge its effect on morphological structural components of productivity and seed yield in soybean. In order to ascertain its influence, a field experiment was laid out in randomized block design with various concentrations of methanol (0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30% and water spray) having three replications during two consecutive years. The methanol was sprayed at branch initiation stage (30 DAS) which significantly affected the plant growth and development. The data indicated that the application of methanol @ 20% caused short staturedness by reducing plant height and increased total and effective nodes, number of pods and pod weight per plant which ultimately led to maximum biological as well as economic yield. In addition to it, the methanol spray also improved the partitioning efficiency towards economic sink by registering higher harvest index.
10. KEDAR PRASAD AND C. B. YADAV [Intercropping studies of pigeonpea and soybean with varying phosphorus doses under rainfed conditions of Central Uttar Pradesh]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 290-294 (2001) Department of Agronomy, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur (U. P.), India
ABSTRACT
A field study was carried out at C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur for two years 1995-96 and 1996-97 with a view to find out the effect of component crops on each other in intercropping of pigeonpea+soybean and to work out their phosphorus requirement under rainfed conditions of Central U. P. Treatment consisted three cropping systems (pure pigeonpea, pure soybean and pigeonpea+soybean) and four doses of phosphorus (@ 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha) in both the crops separately. Intercropping of soybean significantly reduced grain yield, yield contributing characters of pigeonpea than sole cropping. Intercropped pigeonpea had 1.64 q/ha or 9.50% lower grain yield and 2.42 g or 8.42% seed yield/plant than sole pigeonpea. Soybean in association of pigeonpea also produced statistically poor grain yield and yield attributes in comparison to pure cropping of soybean. The reduction in intercropped soybean was by 4.82 q/ha or 48.15% in grain yield and 1.96 g or 41.01% in seed yield/plant. The yield and its contributing characters of pigeonpea and soybean were statistically superior with application of 60 kg P2O5/ha and numerically upto 90 kg P2O5/ha. Application of 60 kg P2O5/ha gave more grain yield of pigeonpea by 2.85 q/ha (19.55%) and soybean yield by 3.19 q/ha (59.29%) over unfertilized plot. Intercropping of pigeonpea+soybean had highest pigeonpea equivalent yield (20.61 q/ha), LER (1.43) and net profit (Rs. 18823/ha). Interaction between cropping system and phosphorus doses was not found significant.
11. R. K. THAKURIA, J. K. CHOUDHARY AND R. K. S. M. BARUAH [Effect of storage methods and pickings on viability of rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn.) seeds under ambient condition of Assam]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 295-297 (2001). A. A. U. Regional Agricultural Research Station, Karimganj-788 710 (Assam), India
ABSTRACT
Storage studies on rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn.) var. PDR-14 were carried out consecutively for 1995-96 and 1996-97 to trace a better storage technique for storing rajmash. Seeds obtained from early pickings (first and second) performed better in respect of germination (38.44 and 35.42%), field emergence (33.0 and 26.6%) and vigour (31.33 and 27.33%) in both the years, respectively, than the seeds obtained from late pickings (third, fourth and fifth). In case of storage methods, seeds stored in metallic tin were the superior in case of laboratory germination (94.4 and 86.89%), field emergence (81.67 and 63.34%) and Brick gravel test (78.0 and 67.33%) and were followed by seeds stored in polyethylene bags.
12. RAKESH K. SHARMA, P. N. TIWARI AND O. P. VEDA Contribution of production factors on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Crop Res. 21 (3) : 298-300 (2001). Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Khandwa-450 001 (M. P.), India
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during the rabi seasons of 1995-96 and 1996-97 at Pandhana block of Khandwa district (M. P.) to assess the contribution of production factors on grain yield of chickpea. Grain yield of chickpea was significantly higher in full package (12.86 q/ha) compared with farmer's practice (4.64 q/ha), with 177% increase in yield. The contribution of different production factors in productivity of chickpea indicated that percentage decrease in yield under full package was maximum when the chickpea was grown without irrigation (35%) or without fertilizer (34%), followed by withdrawal of weed control (21%), plant protection (18%) and seed inoculation (13%).
13. TRIPTI SHRIVASTAVA, K. N. NAMDEO1, M. MANOJ KUMAR2, R. K. DWIVEDI3 AND R. K. TIWARI [Effect of plant growth regulators on growth, yield and nutrient uptake by chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 301-307 (2001). Department of Botany, Government Model Science College, Rewa-486 001 (M. P.), India
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during 1997-98 and 1998-99 on the Progressive Agriculture Farm, Govindgarh Road, Rewa (M. P.) to study the effect of PGRs on chickpea cv. JG 315. Foliar application of triacontanol (Vipul) @ 250 ml/ha at 30, 40 and 50 DAS produced the maximum growth and yield components with 25.8% increase in grain yield over no PGR. The total N, P and K uptake was also highest upto 190.86, 17.40 and 72.38 kg/ha, respectively. the second best PGR was N-triacontanol (Grocel) and then triacontanol (TATA) or NAA. The study indicated that PGRs like triacontanols could be successfully employed and hold the promise for Indian farmers.
14. SHIKHA, SHALINI, P. BATRA, A. SINDHU AND V. K. CHOWDHURY [Multiple shoot induction and complete plant regeneration of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Crop Res. 21 (3) : 308-311 (2001). Department of Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India
ABSTRACT
For the purpose of developing an in vitro plant regeneration system via organogenesis without an intervening callus phase, two chickpea cultivars viz., C-235 and HC-1 were selected. The mature embryo axis of pre-soaked seeds was removed and shoot apex (1 mm size) was discarded. Out of various media tested, the medium containing MS salts+B5 vitamins and supplemented with 2.0 mg l-1 BAP, 0.125 mg l-1 IBA, 10 µM of AgNO3 and 3% w/v sucrose induced maximum number of healthy shoots. These multiple shoots were surgically separated and rooted over MS medium having 0.5 mg l-1 IAA, 0.05 mg l-1 kinetin and 1.0% w/v sucrose.
15. HARBIR SINGH, MAHENDER SINGH, R. K. JHORAR, T. SINGH AND V. P. SINGH [Some crop-water production functions for predicting yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as influenced by water use]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 312-316 (2001). CCSHAU Cotton Research Station, Sirsa-125 055 (Haryana), India
ABSTRACT
Field studies were conducted on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) at CCSHAU Cotton Research Station, Sirsa. Some crop-water production functions, relating to seed yields of sunflower composite EC 68415C and hybrid MSFH-8 with seasonal evapotranspiration (consumptive water use) without considering the time of water deficit during crop growth season, were developed and compared using pooled data from 1994 and 1995 field experiments. Seasonal evapotranspiration had significant correlation/association with seed yield of sunflower genotypes. Non-linear functions for sunflower composite EC 68415C and hybrid MSFH-8 slightly improved the results in terms of R2 values as compared to the linear ones. The inclusion of a stress factor, which was not attempted in present study, has been suggested for possible improvement in the prediction of crop-water production functions.
16. A. S. VENKATAKRISHNAN, K. PONNUSWAMY, R. DURAI AND S. RAMANATHAN [Productivity of rabi sunflower succeeding kharif legumes]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 317-318 (2001). Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (T. N.), India
ABSTRACT
Field experiments were conducted during kharif and rabi seasons of 1992, 1993 and 1994 on deep clay loam soil to evaluate the productivity of rabi sunflower grown after the kharif crops viz., blackgram, greengram, soybean and groundnut. The rabi season sunflower was supplied with various doses of NPK fertilizers viz., 100, 75 and 50% and was compared with control (no fertilizer). The results revealed that maximum production of sunflower was obtained when grown after groundnut and this was followed by sunflower grown after blackgram. Sunflower crop succeeding groundnut recorded more plant height, head diameter, 100-seed weight and yield. Since sunflower is an exhaustive crop, among the different fertilizer levels application of 100% NPK recorded higher plant height, head diameter, 100-seed weight and seed yield of sunflower.
17. RAKESH K. SHARMA, P. N. TIWARI, O. P. RAJPUT AND O. P. VERMA [Nutrient uptake and biochemical composition of rabi oilseed crops as influenced by irrigation and cropping systems]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 319-323 (2001). JNKVV Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Morena-476 001 (M. P.), India
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 1994-95 and 1995-96 to evaluate biochemical composition and uptake of nutrients by different crops grown in different cropping systems on alluvial soil in relation to different irrigation regimes. The results of this study revealed that different irrigation regimes had significant effect on the content and uptake of N and P and biochemical composition with respect to oil and protein content and their yield. The highest content and uptake of nutrients was recorded due to two irrigations (each of 8 cm), applied either at early stages of crop growth or late. Intercropping systems of gobhi sarson and safflower resulted in higher uptake of these nutrients and estimated protein and oil yields as compared to sole cropping of respective crops.
18. S. S. DASHAD, M. V. MALIPATIL, P. D. SHARMA AND O. P. CHAUDHARY [Relative performance of different sprayers, nozzles and spray volumes in controlling insect-pests of cotton in Haryana]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 324-331 (2001). Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
ABSTRACT
Evaluation of different sprayers, namely, hydraulic knapsack manual operated sprayer (KS), hydraulic knapsack manual operated HI-TECH hydraulic knapsack manual operated sprayer (KSHT), power operated knapsack sprayer-cum-mist blower (PS) and controlled droplet applicator (CDA) : Triple action nozzle with fine and coarse spray TAFS and TACS, adjustable nozzle (AN), duromist nozzle (DM) and double duromist nozzle (DDM) and different spray volumes of 250, 375, 500, 625, 750 and 1000 l water/ha with recommended insecticides was undertaken against insect-pests of cotton. During vegetative phase of the crop, PS registered lowest leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (0.96 nymphs/leaf) and whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (1.27 adults/leaf) population. During the reproductive phase of crop, it again recorded lowest bollworm incidence in shed fruiting bodies (14.5%) and in open bolls being 14.2 and 6.4% on boll and locule basis, respectively. The yield of seed cotton was also found to be high in PS (14.5 q/ha). Amongst nozzles, TAFS and DDM recorded lower leafhopper (0.88 nymphs/leaf) and whitefly population (0.45 adults) during the crop season. Both these nozzles recorded less bollworm incidence in shed (18.1%) and open bolls (12.5% on boll and 7.7% on locule basis) and registered higher yield of seed cotton (14.1 q/ha). Spray volumes of 500 and 625 l/ha were the most appropriate in reducing sucking insect-pests and the bollworm pests of cotton and increasing yield of seed cotton (14.9-15.8 q/ha).
19. S. K. SHARMA, J. R. SINGH AND J. C. MAHLA [Foraging behaviour of Apis spp. in semi-arid sub-tropical climate. 3. On flowers of mustard, onion, carrot, berseem and sunflower]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 332-334 (2001). Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India
ABSTRACT
Foraging behaviour of Apis spp. on the flowers of Brassica campestris var. sarson, Allium cepa L., Daucus carota L., Trifolium alexandrinum L. and Helianthus annuus L. was observed at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during November (mustard), April (onion and carrot) and May (berseem and sunflower), respectively. Apis florea spent maximum time per flower (3.54, 7.43, 37.09 and 15.24 sec.) and visited least number of flowers/umbels (6.7, 2.6, 2.2 and 3.6) per minute on mustard, onion, carrot and Egyptian clover, respectively. However, A. mellifera spent least time (1.64, 8.58 and 128.47 sec.) per flower/head and tripped highest number of flowers/head (15.2, 8.2 and 1.2) per minute or 5 min on mustard, Egyptian clover and sunflower followed by A. dorsata who spent 2.18, 2.48, 11.46 and 186.73 sec. per flower and visited 12.0, 3.7 and 1.5 flowers/head per minute except sunflower where the observation time was 5 min. All the bees foraged as top workers on all the crops except A. florea which foraged as side worker on Brassica flowers.
20. JAI PRAKASH RAI, ASHA SINHA AND SUDHA RANI GOVIL [Litter decomposing mycoflora of rice straw]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 335-340 (2001) Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005 (U. P.), India
ABSTRACT
Fungi involved in the decomposition of rice straw were studied by nylon net bag technique from August 1998 to March 1999. The moisture content of decomposing straw was maximum in the month of September and minimum in the month of March. The pH of the same ranged between 5.6 to 7.2. The straw inhabiting fungi were studied by direct observation method, damp chamber incubation method and dilution plate technique and 16, 26 and 42 species were isolated by these methods, respectively. Maximum number of fungal species was recorded in the month of September/October and minimum in March.
21. I. A. SHEIKH AND J. N. SINGH [Genetics of resistance to white rust in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] Crop Res. 21 (3) : 341-344 (2001). Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India
ABSTRACT
Genetic architecture of white rust resistance was assessed through a line x tester analysis involving three male sterile lines and 10 diverse cultivars of varying degrees of resistance and susceptibility for white rust disease in Indian mustard. The study revealed that additive genetic variance was predominant in the control of white rust resistance. Among female parents, oxy-CMS and tourn-CMS, and among male parents Poorbijaya and BJ-38 were found to be good general combiners for the resistance. The hybrids tourn-CMS x BJ-38 and oxy-CMS x PR-1108 exhibited significant superior specific cross combinations for the resistance to this disease. Predominance of additive genetic variance indicated that simple selection procedures would be worthwhile in improving the level of resistance against white rust disease in Indian mustard.
22. S. K. GHOSH AND S. C. GULATI [Genetic variability and association of yield components in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 345-349 (2001) Genetics Division, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi-110 012, India
ABSTRACT
In Indian mustard, genetic variability, heritability and association among 12 yield components were studied for 36 genotypes selected from different geographical regions. The GCV and PCV were high in magnitude for all the characters except plant height. The differences between the PCV and GCV were narrow for all the characters studied coupled with high heritability except plant height indicating the usefulness of phenotypic selection in improving these traits. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for oil content, harvest index, number of primary branches, number of siliquae on main shoot, main shoot length and number of seeds per siliqua. this result suggested the importance of additive gene action for their inheritance and improvement could be brought about by phenotypic selection. Seed yield exhibited significant positive association with yield contributing traits like days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of secondary branches, number of siliquae on main shoot and oil content. These components in turn exhibited significant positive correlation with each other. The results indicated that selection for one of these characters might automatically combine the other variables and these appeared to be the most important selection criteria for increasing seed yield in Indian mustard.
23. R. R. GUPTA, B. M. S. PARIHAR AND P. K. GUPTA [Genetic diversity for some metric characters in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 350-354 (2001). Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, C. S. A. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur (U. P.), India
ABSTRACT
To study the genetic divergence in sesame, a set of 50 diverse genotypes, collected from different sources, was planted at Crop Research Farm, Kalyanpur of the university in randomized block design with three replications in respect of eight characters such as, harvest index, days to 50% blooming, plant height, number of branches/plant, number of capsules/plant, period of maturity, 1000-seed weight and grain yield/plant. With the help of Mahalanobis's D2 statistics, all the genotypes were clustered in 16 groups. Clusters I and II retained maximum genotypes such as 12 and 9, respectively, while six of the clusters retained only one strain. Inter-cluster distance was recorded highest between XIII and VII, followed by clusters XIII an XV. Intra-cluster distance value ranged from 0.00 to 34.65. The comparison of cluster means in respect of all the characters indicated significant divergence between the groups. Various clusters exhibited maximum and minimum mean values for different characters. It was noted that due to difference in agro-climatic situations there was no relationship of genetic diversity and hence selection of desirable divergent parents for hybridization programme would not serve the purpose based on ecogeographical diversity. Therefore, strains having large diversity should be utilized in hybridization for improvement irrespective of geographical origin.
24. I. SWARNALATHA DEVI AND SHAIK MOHAMMED [Character association and path coefficient analysis of grain yield and yield components in double crosses of maize]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 355-359 (2001). Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, A. P. Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (A. P.), India
ABSTRACT
Correlation coefficient and path analysis were carriedout in 69 hybrids (double and double top crosses) of maize at the Agricultural College Farm, Rajendranagar, The phenotypic correlation coefficients indicated significant influence of ear girth, 100-seed weight and number of seeds/ear. The genotypic influences of number of seed rows/ear, seeds/ear, seeds/row and 100-seed weight were highly significant in promoting the grain yield. The path coefficient analysis indicated that the plant height, days to 75% silking and maturity, ear length, number of seed rows/ear, number of seeds/row and 100-seed weight positively influenced the yield directly and also indirectly through several yield components.
25. D. M. PANDEY, R. C. PANT AND D. K. ROY [Changes in chlorophyll content of three sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivars in relation to waterlogging and planting methods]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 360-363 (2001). Department of Plant Physiology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145 (U. P.), India
ABSTRACT
A field experiment using split plot design was conducted to study the changes in chlorophyll of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivars Co.S. 91269, Co.P. 211 and B. O. 91 under waterlogging and planting methods. Chlorophyll content reduced during waterlogging. Planting methods had no significant effect on chlorophyll content. Co.S. 91269 showed higher chlorophyll content than other two cultivars.
26. HILDA GAMEZ GONZALEZ, R. K. MAITI1, FRANSCISCO ZAVALA GARCIA2, SERGIO MORENO LIMON, GLORIA E. TERAN SARABIA3, BERTHA. I. VERAMENDOZA AND SALOMON J. MARTINEZ IOZANO [Effect of carbonic fertilization on the productivity of spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) var. Monstruoso de viroflay]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 364-370 (2001). Departamento de Botánica, División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Apartado Postal F-16 CP 66450 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted in the instalation of Centro de Investigacion en Quimica Aplicada (CIQUA) with an objective to investigate the response of spinach to carbonic fertilization. 540 ppm of CO2 were applied through the system of drop irrigation. The morpho-physiological parameters determined were fresh and dry weight per plant, the leaf thickness, net assimilation of CO2, chlorophyll content, stomatal density on the abaxial and adaxial surface of the leaf. The results revealed that the application of CO2 increased the productivity of spinach showing the maximum assimilation of 141.4 mg of CO2 m-2s-1, which represents an increase of 30.5 mg over the treatment without CO2. This reported an assimilation of 110.9 mg of CO2 m-2s-1. The statistical analysis (T test at P<0.05) showed significant differences for the variables, leaf thickness, fresh and dry weight, stomatal density on the abaxial and adaxial leaf surface. The results indicated that carbonic fertilizer stimulated an increase in dry weight by 120% (8.4 g per plant) compared to the control (3.8 g per plant).
27. O. DAVID OJO AND ABIODUN A. KINTOMO [Leaf area estimation models for Celosia (Celosia argentia L.)]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 371-373 (2001). National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), PMB 5432, Idi Ibadan, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
An alternative method was needed to estimate the leaf area (LA) of Celosia as opposed to the electronic Li-Cor 3000 leaf area meter which was dear, relatively expensive and unreliable because of spoilage problems in most developing countries. A rapid, inexpensive and precise method for LA determination was developed from linear measurements and leaf weights. A strong correlation existed between LA and various parameters measured. LA can be predicted precisely with regression models : LA=2.983+(LDW x 24.031), LA=1.908+(L x B x 0.496) and LA= -0.710+(L* x 0.093), where, LDW=Leaf dry weight, L=Leaf length and B=Leaf breadth.
28. A. M. RAJPUT, G. P. SARAF, DINESH SWARNKAR AND S. K. JAIN [Impact of watershed technology in Indore district of Madhya Pradesh]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 374-377 (2001). Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management, J. N. K. V. V. College of Agriculture, Indore-452 001, India
ABSTRACT
The objectives of the present study were to calculate the cost : benefit ratio on adoption of watershed technology and to evaluate the investment pattern and benefits in adoption of watershed technology. For the purpose of study samples of two villages from watershed area and another two from non-watershed area were selected from Sanwer tehsil, district Indore. From each area, 45 farmers were selected randomly. For the present study, the data were collected by personal interview and reporting period was 1997-98. The cost : benefit ratio and net return of wheat in terms of Rs./ha were observed to be the highest in the watershed and non-watershed area.
29. M. P. JAIN [Response of wheat to irrigations, seed rates and fertility levels]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 378-381 (2001). JNKVV Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Powarkheda-461 110 (M. P.), India
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during 1991-92 and 1992-93 in a vertisol soil at Powarkheda (M. P.) to evaluate the wheat variety HI 1077 for moisture stress at crown root initiation (irrigation missing at CRI stage and irrigation given at CRI stage), seed rates (120, 150 and 200 kg/ha) and fertility levels (120 : 60 : 40, 150 : 75 : 40 and 180 : 90 : 40 kg N, P2O5 and K2O/ha). irrigation missing at CRI stage recorded mean loss of 276 kg/ha grain yield, 537 kg/ha straw yield and Rs. 987/ha in net return as compared to irrigation given at CRI stage. The differences due to seed rates for grain and straw yield were indiscernible; however, 100 kg seeds/ha gave maximum net return (Rs. 11195/ha) and B : C ratio (2.80). Though among fertility levels, 180 kg N, 90 kg P2O5 and 40 kg K2O/ha provided the higher mean yield (4777 kg/ha), straw yield (5875 kg/ha) and net return (Rs. 11293/ha) but maximum value of b : C ratio (2.74) was obtained with 120 kg N+60 kg P2O5+40 kg K2O/ha.
30. C. P. VERMA, H. N. TRIPATHI AND KEDAR PRASAD [Effect of FYM and zinc sulphate on yield and yield attributes of rice grown after paddy nursery]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 382-383 (2001). Department of Agronomy, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U. P.), India
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was carried out at Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur during rainy season of 1998. Four doses of FYM viz., 0, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 t/ha and three levels of zinc sulphate (0, 20 and 40 kg/ha) were tested in paddy grown after paddy nursery. The results indicated that the rice yield and yield attributes significantly increased with increasing rates of FYM upto 10 t/ha. Application of FYM @ 10 t/ha enhanced the rice yield by 7.27, 4.33 and 3.28 q/ha than control and use of 5.0 and 7.5 t FYM/ha, respectively. Use of ZnSO4 failed to have significant increase in grain yield and yield attributes in rice particularly grown after rice nursery in which nursery was fertilized @ 25 kg ZnSO4/ha.
31. S. D. CHAUDHARY AND J. C. MAHLA [Insect-pests infesting stored wheat in different climatic regions of Haryana]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 384-386 (2001). Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, India
ABSTRACT
The losses in stored cereal food grains due to insect-pests are variable depending upon the prevailing climatic conditions which influence the grain ecosystem and development of insect-pests complex in granaries. A survey was conducted in 39 distantly located villages comprising different climatic zones of Haryana. Wheat samples (195) were collected to record insect-pests complex involved. About 10 insect species and one grain mite were observed infesting stored wheat grains. The most important insects which occurred in various climatic zones were : Trogoderma granarium, Sitophilus oryzae and Rhyzopertha dominica, while other insects were regarded as minor pests.
32. RATNA RAJ LAXMI AND RENU GUPTA [Models for genotype x environment data for heteroscedasticity]. Crop Res. 21 (3) : 387-389 (2001). Department of Statistics, M. D. University, Rohtak (Haryana), India
ABSTRACT
Genotype x environment (GE) data from plant cultivar trials are frequently analysed by two-way linear models. This paper discusses use of mixed models with multiplicative terms for heteroscedasticity.
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