Volume 28, Number 1,2 & 3( July, September & November , 2004)
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Archive Volume 28, Number 1,2 & 3( July, September & November , 2004) |
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ABSTRACT
Field experiments were conducted for two years (1997 and 1998) in Samaru , Nigeria. The objective was to determine the growth and development of sorghum/soybean additive mixture (100 : 100) to four levels of nitrogen (0, 25, 50 and 100 kg a. i./ha), three levels of P (0, 13.2 and 26.4 kg P/ha) and two plant arrangements (alternate stand and single alternate row). The mixture responded positively to N and P application. LAI, plant height and total dry matter per plant and per hectare increased with N and P applications. 100 kg N/ha and 26.4 kg P/ha increased all growth parameters. Interaction between N and P on height and LAI showed that tallest plans and highest LAI were produced by a combination of 100 kg N/ha and 26.4 kg P/ha. Planting sorghum and soybean on same row (alternate stand) increased the height of soybean. Number of days to 50% flowering and number of days to physiological maturity were both influenced by the applied nutrients but not plant arrangement.
The agronomic assessment of protein, energy and nutritional status of cassava and soybean yields in Parst I as affected by cropping systems was carried out. Protein evaluation, from sole soybean on flat was 13.0% higher than on ridge, whereas protein from sole cassava on ridge was 11.4% higher than on flat. Intercropping cassava and soybean on ridge produced more protein than on flat. The mean energy (carbohydrate) realized from intercropping was greater than from sole cassava or sole soybean. Soybean was lower in carbohydrate production per unit area of land as compared to cassava, while sole and intercropped cassava had greater calcium and iron than soybean. Soybean was, however, richer in phosphorus than cassava. It was concluded that intercropping cassava and soybean would enhance cheap protein, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus and iron availability for rural family consumption.
In a permanent manurial experiment, the P uptake, P use efficiency and partial P balance were worked out in a permanent manurial experiment at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai (initiated in 1975). Depending on the absolute yield levels, P uptake requirement ranged from 4.9 to 8.0 kg P/t of grain. For higher yields, greater than 6.0 t ha -1 , total K uptake exceeded 56 kg ha -1 . On an average, the treatments that received green manure and NPK among manurial treatments and fertilizer treatments, respectively, were found to show higher agronomic P efficiency than all other treatments. The internal P use efficiency was lower in the treatments that received P either through fertilizer or manures. The NPK and FYM treatments showed lower PE value than all other treatments among the fertilizer and manurial treatments, respectively. On an average, P alone and urban compost treatments showed higher positive P balance than other treatments among the fertilizer and manurial treatments. The treatments that received N without P showed negative balance of P. Thus, the balanced recommended dose of NPK application alongwith any one of the manures showed significant positive balance, higher agronomic efficiency and lower internal efficiency of P leading to sustained soil and crop productivity.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural
Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Barkachha (Mirzapur) during 1997-98,
1998-99 and 1999-2000. Three treatments in kharif season (sole maize, maize+cowpea
and maize+okra) formed main plot and three irrigation levels in garden pea
(control, one and two) were allotted to sub-plots in split plot design and
were replicated thrice. The results indicated that sole maize was significantly
superior to maize+cowpea and maize+okra in respect of green cob yield and
stover yield. However, the highest value of NPK uptake was associated with
maize+cowpea which was significantly superior to maize+okra and sole maize.
Pods plant-1, pod weight plant-1, green pod yield and straw yield of garden
pea were significantly higher when grown after maize + cowpea than sole
maize and maize+okra. Similar trend of responses was also observed in case
of NPK uptake by garden pea crop. Increasing irrigation levels in mustard
also brought about significant improvement in yield traits, yield and nutrients
removed in garden pea maximum at two irrigations and the lowest under control.
K. CHANDA AND S. K. GUNRI[ Response of hybrid and high yielding wheat genotypes ( Triticum aestivum L.) to nitrogen levels under terai zone of West Bengal ]. Crop Res. 28 (1, 2&3) : 34-38 (2004). Department of Agronomy Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar-736 165 (West Bengal), India.
A field experiment was conducted during rabi seasons of 2000-01 and 2001-02 at Institutional Farm of Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India to study the effect of different levels of nitrogen on hybrid and high yielding wheat genotypes ( Triticum aestivum L.). Positive and significant correlations were recorded among grain yield and number of spikes, and number of grains spike -1 . But spike length and 1000-grain weight did not show any significant correlation with grain yield. Application of N fertilizers increased the concentration of N, P, K and protein content both in grain and straw during both the years. Increasing levels of nitrogen significantly increased the dry matter accumulation.
B. S. RATHORE, V. P. SINGH AND R. S. HOODA [Effect of mixed bio-fertilizers
in association with different levels of nitrogen application on nutrient
content and uptake by pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum )].
Crop Res. 28 (1, 2&3) : 39-41 (2004). Department
of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana),
India
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the effect of mixed bio-fertilizers in association with different levels of nitrogen application , N and P concentration and uptake in grain and stover of irrigated pearl millet during kharif season of 2002. Increasing levels of N application brought about significant improvement in N and P content and uptake in grain and stover of irrigated pearl millet. Inoculation of seed with mixed bio-fertilizers also increased the N content and uptake in grain and stover. The application of 125% recommended dose of nitrogen produced significantly higher grain protein content than rest of the treatments.
A. B. MENDOZA*, H. O. ORTÍZ1, H. RAMÍREZ AND R.
K. MAITI2 [ Use of interpolyelect rolyte complexes of
poly (acrylic acid)-chitosan as inductors of tolerance against stress in
horticultural crops]. Crop Res. 28 (1,
2&3) : 42-49 (2004). Departamento de Horticultura Universidad Autónoma
Agraria Antonio Narro Buenavista, Saltillo 25315, Coahuila, México
*(e-mail : abenmen@uaaan.mx) .
The chitosan is derivative deacetilated of chitin with low solubility in water. The interpolyelectrolyte complexes of poly (acrylic acid)-chitosan, with higher solubility in water, were investigated as inductor of stress tolerance potentially useful in the organic production of vegetables. The complex PAA L -CS of low molecular weight showed its positive effect on the growth of the plants of lettuce and onion under water and salinity stress. The foliar and seed treatments were carried out using solutions of the complexes at 0.1% (v/v) in water with 5 g l -1 of NaCl. Results were discussed in the context of induction of tolerance to stress.
The production of the transplants of horticultural crops is an important agro-industry in the production process of the vegetable crops. In this activity, the plastic covers are of common use, which permit to obtain good quality transplants, although, there is a necessity to improve the use of new technology. In order to attain this objective, three experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of different photoselective film covers for their effect on photomorphogenesis of the plants of broccoli, cauliflower and tomato. The results revealed that the transplants of better quality were obtained with white PVC cover, followed by those produced with yellow polyethylene (PE) and orange PE. On the contrary, the covers of colourless, blue colour produced plants of poor quality. Lower temperature and better soil moisture induced by the coloured covers probably favoured better morphogenesis of the vegetable crops. Therefore, it is recommended to use the photoselective covers to increase the production of better quality transplants of the vegetable crops.
ABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of post-harvest application of calcium compounds on the changes in quality of guava cv. Lucknow-49 fruits during storage. The results revealed the superiority of calcium nitrate over the other calcium compounds used. Calcium nitrate (1%) recorded the highest values of moisture content (81.75%), ascorbic acid (216.23 mg/100 g), organoleptic rating (53.50%), total chlorophyll (1.607 mg/g) and total phenols (0.203%) compared to rest of the treatments.
SYED ZAMEER HUSSAIN, S. JAVARE GOWDA AND S. C. MANDHAR1 [Comparative study of mango pickles prepared manually and mechanically ]. Crop Res. 28 (1, 2&3) : 63-67 (2004). Division of Agricultural Engineering GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore (Karnataka), India .
ABSTRACT
The different manually and mechanically prepared samples of mango pickles were collected from various small and large scale raw mango processing industries of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh and were analysed for their bio-chemical parameters and organoleptic values. It was observed that manually prepared samples recorded lower values for pH, acidity, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, total sugar, crude protein and phenolic substances than mechanically prepared samples. However, the ascorbic acid was found to be higher in manually prepared samples than the mechanically prepared samples. It was also noticed that mechanically prepared samples were having higher shelf life than manually prepared samples. No noticeable fungi load was observed in mechanically prepared samples, whereas it was quite high in manually prepared samples. Bacterial load was also less in mechanically prepared samples than manually prepared. The mechanically prepared pickles were found to be of superior quality and got total organoleptic s core of 20 (adjudged as very good), while as manually prepared pickles scored only 12-15 points (adjudged as fair to good). The present study revealed that mechanically prepared pickle samples were of superior quality over manually prepared pickle samples.
Lily (Lilium spp.) crop is affected by different environmental factors (light, temperature, etc.), which decrease the flower quality and its production owing to the absence of optimum conditions causing a great problem of flower abortions. In this respect, the present study was undertaken with an objective to evaluate the effect of light on the abortion of flower conducted in a green house in two phases. Phase I (percentage of shade) : The genetic materials utilised in present study were the cultivars, namely, Elite, Vivaldi and Dreamland; grown in a green house under four treatments of shadows : 0 (without mesh), 33, 50 and 73% shadows, utilizing a completely randomized factorial design. The variables measured were : (a) number of flower buds per plant, (b) abortion of floral buds, (c) plant height and (d) flower diameter. The results indicate that with an increase of shades (0, 33, 50 and 73%) there was an increase in the abortion of floral buds (45.66, 53.82, 71.19 and 91.66%, respectively), but decreased the flower diameter varying among cultivars. Phase II (supplementary illumination) : The cultivars utilised were : Dreamland, Pollyanna and Montreux; with two treatments of light at 100 (2) and 200 spark plug foot candle using the same experimental design and variables evaluated as in the case of the phase I indicating that the flower abortion decreased with increasing the light from 100 to 200 spark plugs foot candle (19.31 and 7.21%, respectively). The plants increased its height but decreased the flower diameter under less light intensity (100 fc); but varying among cultivars. Hence, it is recommended that the application of supplementary light (200 foot candles) at night could reduce the problem of flower abortion and increase the quality and quantity of flower of lilies. Light is necessary for floral development and supply of solar energy for assimilation of photosynthates required for flower development and plant growth. Fruit size and production depend on the efficiency of light intensity in conversion in photosynthates and its translocation in fruits.
M. SAIKIA AND D. SUT [Effect of different dates of planting on yield
of seedling transplanted potato crop ]. Crop Res. 28
(1, 2&3) : 76-81 (2004). Department of Agronomy Assam Agricultural University,
Jorhat-785 013 ( Assam ), India .
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years during summer season of 1998-99 to study the response of three levels of nitrogen (viz., 50, 100 and 150 kg/ha) and two levels of phosphorus (viz., 40 and 60 kg/ha) with or without cutting treatments on growth and yield of Basella sp. at Horticultural Research Station, Monduri, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal. Results revealed that yield and yield attributing characters declined with decreasing levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. Cutting management was found beneficial for improving yield, number of branches, number of leaves, dry weight of leaves and stem, whereas reverse effect of cutting was observed with some parameters like length of leaves, breadth of leaves and vine length. The highest yield (148.72 q/ha) was obtained with cutting treatments.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
An experiment was laid out at ARS Farm, Dharwad to evaluate a large collection of 196 blackgram genotypes for pod and seed characters. Significant genotypic differences were observed for all the characters considered. High variation and heritability estimates were observed for pod yield per plant, number of pods per plant and seed yield. All the pod and seed characters revealed positive and significant association with seed yield. Based on these observations, some of the genotypes were identified which performed better than check varieties. It is proposed to evaluate these genotypes further over locations to confirm their potentiality and to involve them in hybridization programme.
Using ethyl methane sulphonate, diethyl sulphate and colchicine
on various morphological and yield parameters in M1 generation were studied
in soybean. Morphological and yield characters recorded significant reduction.
Significant variation among soybean cultivars was observed for lethality,
days to first flower, root length, shoot length, number of branches per
plant, number of seeds per plant, fresh weight per plant, dry weight per
plant, 1000-seed weight and yield per plant showed variability for both
concentration of mutagen as well as cultivars.
ABSTRACT
Since remote times herbal medicines are the primary sources of
health cure of the rural people throughout the world. The knowledge on
the medicinal plants is inherited from generation to generation in the
family of herbal doctors. Although significant advances have been made
in modern allopathic medicine, medicinal plants are extensively used even
in the cities specially in Mexico and Medicinal plants are largely sold
both in the rural and urban markets. One of the reasons is due to the
no-availability of good doctors in the rural areas, high confidence of
the rural people and high cost of the allopathic medicine. In Mexico although
several hundreds of medicinal plants are known to alleviate various types
of diseases, still many species are not yet explored from the rural areas.
There is a great necessity to formulate a systematic research starting
from ethnobotany, botany and pharmacognosy including histochemistry and
finally phytochemistry. With these objectives, some advances have been
made on some medicinal plant species both in north-east and high land
valleys of Mexico obtained mainly through research projects and thesis
projects both in the bachelor and post-graduate levels. In the first step
in the north-east of Mexico, through several visits in the rural areas
and herbal shops and interviews a list of common species has been made,
collected and preserved in the herbarium sheets. Then on the basis of
a very careful analysis, most important and common medicinal species was
selected for the studies on pharmacognosy, histochemistry and pharmacological
tests on animals. An analysis of pharmacognosy showed the presence of
distinct morphological, anatomical and histochemical characters in each
species which can distinguish among species. In the high land valleys
in Puebla and Tlaxcala, a more systematic interdisciplinary research has
been undertaken including ethnobotany, pharmacognosy and some preliminary
phytochemistry of several medicinal plant species. The efficacy of some
medicinal plant species used by the herbal specialists has also been confirmed
by a specialist of high recognition in the city. The species studied are
: Artemisia absinthium, Chamaemelum nobile, Chenopodium ambrosoides, Ocimum
sanctum, Origanum vulgare, Origanum majorana, Lavandula angostifolia,
Marrubium vulgare, Mentha spicata, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis,
Semipervivum tectorum, Thymus vulgaris and Turnera vulgaris. The medicinal
herbs contained several secondary metabolites, among which alkaloids,
saponins, triterpenes, flavonoids, cyanogenic and cardiotonic glucosides,
the presence, absence and intensity of which vary among species. Although
sufficient researches have been concentrated mostly on the phytochemistry
in Mexico, no systematic research has been undertaken as planned. A catalogue
of some medicinal plants has been made and some medicinal plant species
are grown in the green house. Finally, a systematic research plant has
been suggested on the medicinal plants. An interdisciplinary research
including herbal specialists, botanists, agronomists and chemists is in
progress.
ABSTRACT
Ecologists all over the world are worried over the food security for human population. Globalization has also meant that many a traditional foods are being lost at an alarming rate. For food today the entire world primarily depends upon just seven species of plants. This is dangerous because we are keeping all our eggs in one baket. Nature is unpredictable. Any ecological crisis affecting any one of these crops will result in starvation and subsequently death of millions of people. The only option to make our food prospects resilient is to broaden our food base by including many more plant species to it. Tribal communities all over the world have food knowledge systems which have evolved over thousands of years of experience and wisdom. Such time-tested systems need to be identified, enriched and shared. The Lepchas, a tribal population believed to be indigenous to the Sikkim Himalayas are renowned for their knowledge of plants and are known to use many a species as food. An ethno-botanical survey was conducted in between 2000-01 at Dzongu–a major Lepcha concentration area to identify the plants used by them as food. This paper provides the details of this survey.
ABSTRACT
As a result of massive deforestation, the floral wealth is being lost even before the plant has been recorded, much less studied, chemically or pharmacologically. The task of studying each and every plant is near impossible. Hence, we urgently require other ways to identify plants having important medicinal value. The traditional medicinal systems developed by indigenous people are significant in this respect. The Lepchas, a tribal population believed to be indigenous to the Sikkim Himalayas, are renowned for their knowledge of plants and are known to use many a species as food, medicine or other economic purpose. An ethno-botanical survey was conducted in between 2000-01at Dzongu–a major Lepcha concentration area to identify the plants used by them for medicinal purpose and record the current status of their medicinal practice and knowledge. This paper provides the details of this survey.
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