Volume 22 (Special Issue) January, 2021
1. GASPARYAN I.*, LEVSHIN A., IVASHOVA O., DYIKANOVA M. AND DENISKINA N. [Agrotechnical requirements for the cultivation of potatoes in a two-crop culture]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 1-4 (2021). Russian State Agrarian University Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia *(e-mail : irina150170@yandex.ru) ABSTRACT One of the significant points in the cultivation technology is compliance with agrotechnical requirements for technological operations and processes. Their specification is an important tool for consistently obtaining maximum and quality yield. A two-crop potato culture is a progressive cultivation technique and can be widely used, especially in a warming climate. A two-crop potato culture is possible due to the use of early ripening varieties. The first planting must be done with germinated material of the coarse fraction as early as possible when the soil warms up, the second planting must also be carried out with planting germinated material, but of the middle fraction. Planting after the first harvest – July 15th. When planting the second crop, it is necessary to add glauconite sands to the planting bed at a rate of 20 g per bush. 2. A. A. VASILYEV*, A. K. GORBUNOV, N. V. GLAZ AND L.V. UFIMTSEVA [Influence of planting time on photosynthetic activity and potato yield]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 5-8 (2021). Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Yekaterinburg, Belinsky str, 112A, 620142, Russia *(e-mail : kartofel_chel@mail.ru) ABSTRACT The influence of planting time on the photosynthetic productivity, yield and quality of potato tubers in the forest-steppe zone of the Chelyabinsk region has been studied. The objects of study were two varieties of potatoes of different ripening periods: Rosara (early season) and Kuzovok (mid-season). It was established that the optimal period for planting potatoes is the second decade of May. This planting period provides favorable dynamics of the formation of the leaf surface and the maximum photosynthetic potential of agrophytocenosis: Rosara – 3.220 and Kuzovok – 4.178 million m2/ha/day. When planting on May 12 to 15, the yield of dry Rosara biomass (9.8 t/ha) was 26.6% higher than in the variant of planting potatoes on June 5 to 12 and Kuzovok (11.0 t/ha) by 20.2% more than late planting. Potato yield during spring planting changed insignificantly. Late planting led to a significant decrease in the productivity of the studied varieties: Rosara by 5.1 t/ha (16.9%) and Kuzovok by 6.2 t/ha (19.1%) compared with the first planting time. Planting potatoes in the second decade of May led to increased photosynthetic activity of plants, increased potato yields. The quality of the crop improved. The dry matter content in variety Rosara tubers increased by 3.5 %, the Kuzovok variety by 2.7 % compared to late planting, the starch content in tubers increased by 2.66 and 1.94%, respectively, and the accumulation of nitrates in tubers decreased by 2.0 and 2.4 times compared to planting on June 5-12. The coefficient of assimilation of photosynthetically active radiation during the growing season (May-August) for the Rosara at the first planting time was 3.2 %, and at the third – 2.6 %, for the Kuzovok – 3.6 and 3.0 %, respectively. 3. V. GAYNATULINA AND O. KHASBIULLINA* [Effect of Kamchatka shelf marine hydrobiont based organic fertilizers on potato cultivation]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 9-12 (2021). Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Kamchatka Research Institute of Agriculture” The Yelizovsky District, Sosnovka Village, Kamchatka Territory, Russia *(e-mail : khasbiullina@kamniish.ru) ABSTRACT The effect of organic fertilizers Bio-Mare grades Bio-Fish and Bio-Algo from sea hydrobionts on different backgrounds of mineral nutrition was studied, effective terms and methods of their application were determined, providing increased yields, reduced morbidity and mineral nutrition in potato cultivation. Researchers have shown expediency of use of preparation Bio-Fish and Bio-Algo in the integrated system of potato protection from Rhizoctonia solani J. G. Kuhn. Double treatment of plants or a combination of pre-planting treatment of tubers and spraying of plants with the preparation of Bio-Fish contributed to the reduction of rhizoctoniosis development before potato harvesting by 13.2 % and the disease prevalence by 40.0%. The maximum reduction of rhizoctoniosis development by 13.9 % and the disease prevalence by 44.8 % in these variants was also obtained with Bio-Algo. Due to the use of Bio-Algo on the background of (NPK)90 and (NPK)60, the content of vitamin C in potato tubers increased by 4.66 %. The maximum yield of potatoes (26.6 t/ha) was obtained by treatment of tubers in combination with spraying of plants with Bio-Algo on the background of (NPK)90 i.e. equal to the yield of potatoes on the background of (NPK)120 in economic control, which makes it possible to reduce the dose of mineral nutrition of potato by 30 per cent. 4. NOVIKOV O. O.*, ROMANOVA M. S., KHAKSAR E. V., LEONOVA N. I. AND ROMASHOV G. A. [The effects of different compositions of nutrient media on morphometric indices of the Charoit potato variety in in vitro culture]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 13-16 (2021). Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat Gagarina Str., 3, Tomsk, 634050, Russia *(e-mail : novickoww@yandex.ru) ABSTRACT The study was aimed at investigating the effects of different compositions of nutrient media on the growth and development of microplants of the Charoit potato variety in in vitro culture. Improved maternal microplants of Solanum tuberosum L. of the Charoit variety were used as a test subject. OSRAM fluorescent lamps (Cool Daylight, 36 W) were used as a light source. Three compositions of the nutrient media were studied viz. (i) Standard Murashige and Skoog medium, (ii) Murashige and Skoog medium with ½ mineral elements and (iii) Murashige and Skoog medium with ½ mineral elements. The effects of these compositions on the length of the microplants, the length of the root system, the time of rooting, the number of leaves and internodes per microplant, and the total biomass were studied. The economic efficiency of the nutrient media was estimated. The nutrient medium with ½ mineral elements had shown to be optimal for growing the microplants of the Charoit potato variety in vitro. The results of this study can be used to select nutrient media with lower content of mineral elements for micropropagation and maintaining a collection of improved potato varieties. 5. A. A. VASILYEV*, T. T. DERGILEVA, L. V. UFIMTSEVA AND N. V. GLAZ [Potato variety resources for starch production in the Chelyabinsk region]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 17-21 (2021). Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Yekaterinburg, Belinsky str, 112A, 620142, Russia *(e-mail : kartofel_chel@mail.ru) ABSTRACT A collection of 146 varieties of potatoes were studied in 2015 to 2018 to determine the varieties that provide the highest yield of starch per unit area in the Chelyabinsk region. It was found that the total yield of starch depends more on the yield of potatoes than on the starch content in tubers. Productivity increases and the starch content in tubers decreases under favorable conditions. In conditions of moisture deficit, on the contrary, an increase in starchiness of tubers was noted, and their productivity was significantly reduced. Seven varieties with a high yield of starch per unit area (t/ha) identified were Il’inskiy (6.87), Belosnezhka (6.75), Terra-1 (6.66), Bashkirskiy (6.12), Vemer (6.04), Valeriy (6.02) and Svitanok kiyevskiy (6.01). The varieties which increased the starch collection from 5.00 to 5.98 t/ha were Spiridon, Dunyasha, Artom, Yagodnyy 19, Okolitsa, Slavyanka, Panyanka, Kamenskiy, Yermak, Zhuravinka, Strumok, Sinetsvet, Nikulinskiy, Otrada, Zorachka, Kolobok, Zhigulevskiy, Oredezhskiy, Sentyabr’, Simfoniya, Osen’, Zekura, Nikitinskiy ranniy, Briz, Galaktika, Nayada, Spiridon, Dunyasha, Artom, Yagodnyy 19, Okolitsa, Slavyanka, Panyanka, Kamenskiy, Yermak, Zhuravinka, Strumok, Sinetsvet, Nikulinskiy, Otrada, Zorachka, Kolobok, Zhigulevskiy, Oredezhskiy, Sentyabr’, Simfoniya, Osen’, Zekura, Nikitinskiy ranniy, Briz, Galaktika, Nayada as well as samples of the Chelyabinsk selection viz. 05.60.24, 2097/16 (Sharap), 05.62.13, 06-547.8 and 06-1547-11. To increase starch production in Chelyabinsk region, it is necessary to use potato varieties zoned in the Ural region viz. Nayada, Bashkirskiy, Kamenskiy, Nikulinskiy, Oredezhskiy, Svitanok kiyevskiy and Spiridon. For inclusion in the Register of selection achievements approved for use in the Ural region, the following varieties of Chelyabinsk selection were found promising: 2097/16 (Sharap), 05.60.24, 05.62.13, 06-547.8, 06-1547-11, Gubernator and 06.18.7, as well as varieties of other selection: Terra-1, Valeriy, Yagodnyy 19, Artom, Dunyasha, Okolitsa, Panyanka and Strumok. The varieties with a low starch content in tubers which are suitable for dietary nutrition were Zhukovskiy ranniy (11.9 %), Karatop (12.2 %), Impala (12.3 %), Skarlett (12.5 %), Obelisk (13.0 %), Vesna (13.1 %), Nikita (13.4 %), Resurs (13.4 %) and Gubernator (12.9 %). 6. OVES E. V.*, GAITOVA N. A. AND SHISHKINA O. A. [In vitro tuberization in potato varieties of different ripe time]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 22-25 (2021). Russian Potato Research Center 140051 Moscow Region, Lyubertsy district, Kraskovo , St. Lorch 23-B, Moscow Region, Russia *(e-mail : oveselena@mail.ru) ABSTRACT The formation of potato microtubers in vitro is discrete, and in order to increase its efficiency, it is important to ensure a regular supply of nutrients in a sterile vessel during plant ontogenesis. The aim of the research was to study the effect of phytohormones kinetin and IAA on the formation of microtubers in 20 potato varieties of different ripen time using two compositions of liquid media MS with 2% and 8% sucrose in the process of plant ontogenesis. The biomaterial was grown in plastic containers, the design of which allows the exchange of the nutrient medium in different phases of plant growth. The ontogeny of plants in tissue culture was significantly influenced by the ripening period of varieties. The early varieties were characterized by more intensive growth, their multiplication factor was 1.1-1.7 times higher than that of the middle early and mid-season varieties. The introduction of 0.4 mg/l kinetin into the nutrient medium had a positive effect on the formation of microtubers. For early varieties, the number of formed microtubers per plant increased by 1.2-1.8 pcs. compared to a hormone-free environment. The excess in later varieties was 0.8-0.9 pcs. per plant. The use of IAA without the addition of kinetin did not increase the number of microtubers. Complex application of phytoharmones promoted the growth of the fractional composition. 7. N. I. BOLSHESHAPOVA*, S. P. BURLOV, E. V. BOYARKIN, O. V. RYABININA AND I. N. ABRAMOVA [Promising early potato varieties for the conditions of the Baikal region]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 26-30 (2021). 1Irkutsk State Agrarian University Named After A. A. Ezhevsky Irkutsk Region, Irkutsk District, Molodezhny, 664038, Russia *(e-mail : nade1982@mail.ru) ABSTRACT The Irkutsk region belongs to the zone of risky agriculture, therefore, there is a need to search for early potato varieties that can be suitable for the region. According to the results of the research, the value of the potato yield in the Irkutsk region is influenced by genotypic peculiarities of the variety and weather conditions, in which plants grow. Based on complex indicators of plant growth and development, the varieties identified with high stable yields were Lazurit, Madeline, Red Scarlet, Krasnoye Leto, Zhukovsky Ranniy and Agata, Rosara. In the breeding work to create new potato varieties, we recommend that the parent forms include the varieties distinguished for their environmental plasticity and stability, yield, quality of tubers and their resistance to golden nematode of potato. We recommend that the variety ‘Lazurit’ should be included in the state variety testing in the Irkutsk region and production test for this variety be organized at farms of the forest-steppe zone of the Irkutsk region. 8. O. A. STAROVOITOVA*, V. I. STAROVOITOV, A. A. MANOKHINA AND V. A. CHAIKA [Procedure of reducing solanine in potato tubers]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 31-34 (2021). Russian Potato Research Centre Lorkh Str., 23, Liter V, Kraskovo, Lyubertsy District Moscow Region, 140051, Russian Federation *(e-mail : agronir2@mail.ru) ABSTRACT Potato is a significant plant source for replenishing the lack of vitamins, macro and micro elements, antioxidants, amino acids, carbohydrates, bioflavonoids and phytoncides. For ware potatoes, one of the important factors in the quality of tubers is the low content of solanine, which can be visually determined by the presence of greening of the tubers. The purpose of the present study was to substantiate the effectiveness of using the technological method “increasing the row spacing” to reduce the number of green tubers with an increased content of solanine. The study was carried out in the Moscow region (Russia) on sod-podzolic medium loamy and sandy loam soil. The laying of field experiments, counts and observations were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the field experiment methodology and the methodology for research on potato culture. It has been established that the main technological method for reducing the greening of tubers (increasing the content of solanine in tubers) is growing potatoes in wide ridges or ridges in a checkerboard pattern 110 + 30 and 120 + 30 cm. This arrangement of plants ensures not only a more uniform maintenance of the optimum moisture and temperature of the soil, but also under the active influence of winds and heavy rains, allows to maintain the soil layer around the tuber nest. The latter provides a decrease in the number of green tubers by 4.4 to 6.5%. As a result, when growing potatoes in rows, the commercial yield was higher than that in ridges by 1.2 to 5.5 t/ha (9 to 19%). 9. A. P. SHUTKO*, N. V. REPUKHOVA, L. V. TUTURZHANS AND L. A. MIKHNO [Potato moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) regulation methods and reducing phytosanitary risks of its spread]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 35-37 (2021). FSBEI HE “Stavropol State Agrarian University” Zootechnichesky l. 12, Stavropol, 355017, Russia *(e-mail : schutko.an@yandex.ru) ABSTRACT Potato moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) causes significant damage both during the growing season and during storage of potatoes. The most effective and reliable method for detecting potato moths is the use of pheromone traps for the purpose of timely spraying with insecticides during the summer. It was found that an insecticide based on chloranthraniliprol, as an active ingredient of a new generation when applied at the rate of 0.2 l/ha, had a prolonged protective effect for 14 to 21 days. The biological efficiency reached to 95.5 to 96.6%. Studies on the use of the biological product Lepidocid, P based on Bacillus thuringiensis (working solution at a concentration of 1.0%) for the treatment of potato tubers before laying for storage, showed that potato moth did not develop on the treated tubers, while in the control the damage reached to 3 to 4 points. Therefore, the implementation of the “Program for the localization of outbreaks of a quarantine object and the elimination of its population” developed by the Office of the Rosselkhoznadzor in the Stavropol Territory and the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, which, inter alia, establishes a restriction on the export of regulated products (potato tubers and fruits of vegetable nightshade crops) outside the region and in the zones of the Stavropol Territory free from the quarantine object, the developed system of measures to combat potato moth in the field and during storage will reduce the quarantine phytosanitary zones and limit the reproduction of the pest in the future. 10. A. K. LYSOV*, T. V. KORNILOV AND A. V. KHIUTTI [Spectral characteristics of reflection of waves in the optical range of healthy and diseased potato plants by Y-virus and late blight]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 38-41 (2021). Integrated Plant Protection Laboratory Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection” (FSBSI VIZR), Podbelskogo Highway 3, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196608, Russia *(e-mail : lysov4949@yandex.ru) ABSTRACT The research and analysis of the obtained measurements of the spectral reflectivity in the optical range of healthy and diseased potato plants affected by the Y-virus and late blight in laboratory conditions for the development of remote methods for collecting information on the phytosanitary state of seed and ware potatoes were carried out. Differences in the spectral characteristics of the reflection of the electromagnetic radiation of healthy and diseased potato plants in the optical wavelength range of 300-1100 nm were revealed, allowing to identify the presence of viral damage to potato plants and the development of late blight. 11. A. A. MUSHINSKIY, E. V. AMINOVA, A. ZH. SAUDABAEVA, E. V. DRANAYA AND A. A. VASILIEV [Morbidity of different potato (Solanum tuberosum) varieties caused by Streptomyces scabies and Fusarium oxysporum in irrigated conditions of the Orenburg region]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 42-48 (2021). 1Federal Scientific Centre for Biological Systems and Agricultural Technologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences ul.9 January,29, Orenburg, Orenburg Region, 460000, Russian Federation *(e-mail : aleka_87@bk.ru) ABSTRACT In 2015 to 2018 in the Orenburg region a comprehensive phytopathological assessment of potato varieties of different ripeness groups were carried out in order to establish the prevalence of major pathogens using the Protect and Abiga Peak fungicidies against a natural infectious background under irrigated conditions. The plot area was 140m2 (length 50 m, width 2.8 m). The accounting area was 70 m2 (length 50 m, width – 1.4 m). The arrangement of options in the repetition was systematic. Out of 17 studied varieties of potato, the most susceptible varieties to Streptomyces scabies Waks. & Henr in 2015 were Lyubava (13.8 %), Agat (5.6 %), Red Scarlett (5.2 %), Tarasov (5.1 %), Fresco (3.0 %) and Burren (2.2 %), including standard varieties viz. Nevsky (12.8 %) and Spiridon (5.1 %). During 2015, it was also observed that the greatest defeat of tubers with stolon rot (Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.) was found in varieties Agat (4.9 %), Fresco (5.3 %), Burren (8.7 %), Nevsky (4.9 %) and Spiridon (3.0 %). Eight of the 17 varieties studied namely Tarasov, Sante, Impala, Sheri, Zakhar, Itzil, Cavalier and Bracelet were resistant to Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht and Streptomyces scabies Waks. & Henr. When using fungicides (Abiga Peak and Protect), plant damage was practically not observed. Cavalier and Zakhar potato varieties which gave high production (40 t/ha) and resistant to the studied pathogens, have been identified and recommended for cultivation under irrigated conditions of the Orenburg region. These two varieties (Cavalier and Zakhar) were also recommended to be used in the selection process as indicators of high productivity and low incidence of Streptomyces scabies Waks & Henr and Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. 12. YAW A. AKOSAH*, SEMYON G. VOLOGIN, MARAT T. LUTFULLIN, GUZEL F. HADIEVA, NADEZHDA F. SCYGANOVA, FANIYA F. ZAMALIEVA AND AYSLU M. MARDANOVA [Fusarium oxysporum strains from wilting potato plants : Potential causal agents of dry rot disease in potato tubers]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 49-53 (2021). Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia *(e-mail : yaw.akosah@vvu.edu.gh) ABSTRACT The present study focused on the isolation, identification and assessment of the dry rot-causing ability of Fusarium spp. associated with potato wilt in the Middle Volga region of Russia. A total of 14 Fusaria were isolated from the root necks of wilting potato plants. One isolate was identified as Fusarium solani, while the remaining thirteen of the isolates related to the species Fusarium oxysporum. Artificial inoculation of potato tubers with fungal spores showed that tubers of the cultivar Reggi exhibited the highest resistance [cultivar resistance index (CRI) = 0.78] to the tested isolates, while susceptibility (CRI = -0.44) was registered in tubers of the Zhukovskij rannij cultivar. The manifestation of dry rot during artificial inoculation with the spores of vascular-associated Fusaria was significantly influenced by pathogen virulence [H (9, N = 300) = 60.630, p <0.000001] and plant cultivar type [H (2, N = 210) = 17.201, p =0.00018]. However, not all isolates inhabiting occluded vessels caused dry rot in tubers. 13. N. AGANSONOVA* [Efficiency of Xenorhabdus bovienii in protecting potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) against Rhizoctonia black scurf]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 54-57 (2021). Laboratory of Integrated Plant Protection All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection, 196606, Russia *(e-mail : agansonovan@mail.ru) ABSTRACT This research evaluated the efficiency of metabolism products of entomopathogenic nematode symbiotic bacteria (MPEPNSB) of Xenorhabdus bovienii (Enterobacteriaceae) against Rhizoctonia black scurf on potato and effect of MPEPNSB treatment alone and in combination with NPK fertilizers on emergence of plants, yield and biochemical indicators of daughter tuber quality. The field experiment was carried out in 2016 under natural conditions of the Northwest region of Russia on the sod-podzolic loamy soil. The application of MPEPNSB (aqueous suspension, 30 mL/L of water) for the treatment of soil (1000 L/ha), seed tubers (10 L/t) and potato plants in the emergence phase (200 L/ha) inhibited the severity of black scurf by 97 %, the incidence of the disease reduced by 97.6 %. The complex treatment increased the potato plant emergence by 13.8%, yield by 22 %, starch content by 5 % and vitamin C content by 9.3 %. Combined application of MPEPNSB and mineral fertilizers improved yield and tuber quality indicators in potato. Application of MPEPNSB with fertilizers (MPEPNSB + N60P60K90 and MPEPNSB + N90P90K120) increased the potato yield by 55-58 %, starch content by 7.8 % and vitamin C content by 14.5-13.1 %. This study provides a perspective for the use of MPEPNSB for Rhizoctonia black scurf control in potato protection systems. Application of MPEPNSB produced high quality potato tubers. 14. L. D. GRISHECHKINA*, A. B. LAPTIEV AND V. I. DOLZHENKO [Advances in potato protection from phytopathogens]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 58-61 (2021). 1FSBSI “All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection (VIZR) Podbelskogo shosse, 3, 196608, St. Petersburg-Pushkin, Russia *(e-mail : ldg@iczr.ru) and “Innovation Centre For Plant Protection” Ltd Pushkinskay str., 20, L A, office 7H, 196607 St. Petersburg-Pushkin, Russia ABSTRACT In 2017-18, the studies of the new Banjo Forte, SC fungicide at 3 rates of 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0 l/ha against Phytophthora infestans were continued in various soil and weather conditions of Russia on potato varieties viz. Udacha, Gala and Sylvana (Dolzhenko, 2009). In 2016-17 studies on the effectiveness of Sercadis, SC in rates of 0.2 and 0.25 l/t against Rhizoctonia sp. were conducted on the varieties namely Udacha, Labella, Rosara, Zhukovskyearly in Leningrad, Tambov and Volgograd regions when applied on tubers before planting. The studies showed that fungicide Banjo Forte, regardless of rates, was highly effective against P. infestans in various phytosanitary conditions, providing safety of the crop, and increasing its marketable qualities. Sercadis, SC in rates of 0.2 and 0.25 l/t was highly effective in protecting potato against Rhizoctonia sp. in various stages of infestation of tubers each year of the study. It’s effectiveness on plants reached to 85.8 to 91.5% in Tambov region, 73.3 to 100% in Leningrad region and 62.7 to 68.3% in Volgograd region, with disease development on plants in control being at 10.0 to 19.4%. The fungicide protected the tubers against Rhizoctonia sp. Up to 73.7 to 100% (Leningrad region) and 81.1 to 84.8% (Tambov region). Applying of the fungicide on bottoms of furrows in rates of 0.7 and 0.83 l/ha had a positive effect on crop yield and quality of grown tubers. 15. M. A. KUZNETSOVA*, O. I. IAKUSHEVA, A. N. ROGOZHIN, K. V. BOROVSKY, N. V. STATSYUK AND V. N. DEMIDOVA [Use of digital technologies for potato protection]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 62-66 (2021). All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology Bolshie Vyazemy, 143050, Russia *(e-mail : mari.kuznetsova@gmail.com) ABSTRACT Late blight is the most devastating disease of potato, the control of which provides for the use of fungicides. To reduce the volumes of chemical treatments, the risk of late blight outbreaks and the level of corresponding yield losses should be adequately evaluated. Using the earlier developed mathematic simulator and retrospective data obtained from 415 weather stations for the last 15 years, a map was constructed reflecting the potential risk of such losses in Russia. The area of a zone with high average annual yield losses (>20%, red zone) occupies 41.3% of the total studied area, while zones with moderate (yellow zone) and low (< 10%, green zone) yield losses occupy 43.7 and 15.0%, respectively. Additionally, a geoinformation system for assessment and mapping of risks of the late blight outbreaks in a real-time mode has been developed and introduced as a part of the meteorological service of the Infometeoservice company available at http://infometeos.com/Map/Data/. The data on the current risk levels can be used by potato-growers to make decision in relation to crop protection activities. The geosystem can be used to monitor the late blight development and to determine the optimum terms of protective treatments of potato during a vegetation season. 16. VASILYEVA S. V., ZEYRUK V. N*., DEREVYAGINA M. K., BELOV G. L. AND MALTSEV S. V. [Efficiency of pre-plant treatment of potato tubers against basic phytophages in the central region of Russia]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 67-71 (2021). Russian Potato Research Center Lyubertsy, Kraskovo, st. Lorch, 23-B, 140051, Moscow region, Russia *(e-mail : vzeyruk@mail.ru) ABSTRACT The article presents the results of assessment of the effectiveness of protecting potato plantings from phytophages with pre-planting treatment of seed tubers. The effectiveness of the disinfectant preparations was evaluated in field experiments. Pre-planting treatment of seed tubers with special preparation made it possible to reliably protect the potato tops of Sante variety from the Colorado beetle population during the entire growing season without additional plant treatments. The biological effectiveness of the studied insecticides/ disinfectants against aphids was 100%. The tops preserved as a result of pre-planting treatment of seed tubers allowed Sante potato plants to fully manifest their productive potential in 2018 and 2019 weather conditions and, along with treatments against major diseases, ensure the formation of significant increases in potato tubers yield. 17. A. K. ZLOTNIKOV*, D. A. ANDRIANOV, A. D. ANDRIANOV2, V. K. GINS, M. S. GINS, V. N. ZEIRUK AND A. S. PANCHKOVSKIY [Performance of bioproduct Albit on potatoes]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 72-74 (2021). 1Albit Scientific and Industrial LLC 2, Prof. Vitkevich st., Pushchino, Moscow oblast, 142290, Russia *(e-mail : director@albit.ru) ABSTRACT This article summarizes the data of field trials and practical application of biostimulant Albit on potatoes. It was shown that Albit increases the tuber germination, accelerates the emergence of shoots and maturation, improves the quality and marketability of the potato crop, and on an average increases the yield of potato up to 28%. When applied together with chemical pesticides, Albit relieves their phytotoxic effect acting as antidote. Immunizing effect of Albit against late blight and other diseases was also demonstrated. 18. S. V. MALTSEV*, V. N. ZEIRUK, G. L. BELOV, S. V. VASIL’EVA AND M. K. DEREVJAGINA [The influence of phytohormone ethylene on growth, development and yield of potato]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 75-78 (2021). Russian Potato Research Centre 23 Letter B Lorch Street, Suburban (Dacha) Settlement Kraskovo Lyuberetsky District, Moskow Oblast, 140051, Russia *(e-mail : stanmalcev@yandex.ru) ABSTRACT Ethylene is one of the first discovered gaseous plant hormones possessing a very wide spectrum of biological effect. It is used for quite a while in agriculture, mainly for ripening of fruits and berries. However, in the sphere of potato growing in general and in the storage of seed potatoes in particular, its effectiveness has not been fully studied yet. The aim of this research was to determine the ethylene effect on growth, development and yield of potatoes. Gas treatment in potato storage was carried out during 2015 to 2017 using the Restrain technology. The tubers were planted in two districts (Lyuberetsky and Ozyorsky) of Moscow region with similar soil and climatic conditions including application of irrigation. In this study, it was found that treatment of seed potato tubers with ethylene at a storage temperature of 4°C promoted: (i) change in biochemical indicators of tubers (dry matter content and sucrose), which indicates the release of tubers from the state of dormancy period, accompanied by an increase in the intensity of breathing, (ii) increase in the number of opened eyes (mainly due to the side eyes due to excluding apical dominance), (iii) earlier (3-5 days) and even emergence of sprouts, which, as a consequence, prolonged the vegetation period until the time of the wilting, which occurred approximately in the same time as the variants without treatment, (iv) development of bigger amount of stems on the plant (by 19.9-36.0%) and (v) increase in the number of tubers per plant (by 6.3-19.0%, especially on Gala variety) with an earlier start of tuberization. It was observed that due to treatment of seed potato tubers with ethylene, the total potato yield depending on the variety, area of cultivation and irrigation application increased by 9.9 to 19.0% (1.2 to 6.4 t/ha by weight). The commodity yield increased by 7.0 to 23.9% (1.0 to 6.6 t/ha by weight). It was also observed that the potato crop structure was more even with the treatment of seed potato with ethylene. 19. RENEV N. O.*, MALCHEVSKIY V. A., RENEV O. N. AND RENEV E. P. [Comparative assessment of yields of different varieties of seed potatoes when grown from meristem crops indoors in the Polar Region]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 79-81 (2021). Federal State Institution Federal Research Centre Tyumen Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 86, St. Malygina, Tyumen, 625026, Russian Federation *(e-mail : solitary_72@mail.ru) ABSTRACT This study was conducted in 2019 to compare the yields of medium early potato seed varieties when growing from meristem crops indoors. The study was conducted in Yamal pilot station, Salekhard, Yamalo-Nenets autonomous district, Russia. The results of the experiment showed that the highest yields when growing from meristem crops indoors in the Polar region are Arnika potatoes. For every 100 m2 of indoor cultivation in the Polar region, an average of 23.9 to 36.6% more virgin seed potato tubers of the Arnica variety were produced than those of other varieties studied. 20. BULDAKOV SERGEY ANDREEVICH1, SHAKLEINA NADEZHDA ALEKSANDROVNA, PLEKHANOVA LYUBOV PETROVNA AND CHUVILINA VERA ALEKSEEVNA* [Scientific bases of improvement of potato seed system in Sakhalin region, Russia]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 82-85 (2021). 1Sakhalin Research Institute of Agriculture 22, Gorkiy Alley, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk 693022, Russia *(e-mail : sakhnii_sakhalin@mail.ru) ABSTRACT A technology for growing healthy potatoes at all stages of reproduction in the elite production system was developed and improved at Sakhalin Research Institute of Agriculture, Russia. The introduction of new technology in seed farms of the Sakhalin region allowed to transfer the production of elite potato seeds to a virus-free basis. At the same time, the total production of highly reproductive seeds increased by 14%, the average potato yield in agricultural enterprises of the region increased by 20-22%. The technology was improved at all stages of obtaining original potato seeds based on the use of phyto-regulators (Azolen, Elena, Extrasol, Epin-Extra, Zircon). The use of biological products and growth regulators contributed to the production of highly productive virus-free seed material. Under production conditions, the use of phyto-regulators allowed to obtain a conditionally net income of 496-603.7 thousand rubles/ha. The perspective fungicides of the combined action of Infinito and Consento for protecting potatoes from late blight were studied and isolated. Their use made it possible to protect plants from fungal infection up to 90%, to increase productivity by 21-23% and the marketability of tubers by 2.2-3.8%. The additional income amounted to 288-300 thousand rubles/ha. 21. A. I. USKOV*, D. V. KRAVCHENKO, P. A. GALUSHKA AND L. B. USKOVA [New nano-geroprotectors application in seed potato production]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 86-90 (2021). Russian Potato Research Centre Lorkha-Str., 23, Liter B, Kraskovo, Moscow Region, 140051, Russia *(e-mail : korenevo2000@mail.ru) ABSTRACT This study was conducted during 2007 to 2019 at the Lorch Potato Research Institute, Moscow region, Russia to study the effect of the application of new specific antioxidants (Skulachev ions) in order to counteract the ROS accumulation and physiological ageing of potato grown for seed production. The results of years of research on the use of Skulachev ions with geroprotective properties at various stages of original seed potato production represented. In vitro when adding SkQ1 preparation (2.5 nM) in an artificial nutrient medium there was an increased survival rate of tissue explants varieties with a shorter vegetation period by 16 to 43% and varieties with longer vegetation period by 7 to 13%. Simultaneously, the output of stem cuttings after the first grafting of regenerants grew in 1.9 to 2.7 times, and the number of cultivated micro plants was doubled after 5 to 7 passages in culture. Studies have shown that the use of Skulachev ions (SkQ1) counteracts the accumulation of ROS in cells, which confirmed by a corresponding decrease in the activity of peroxidase in the sprouts of tubers and leaves of potato plants. The result was a stabilizing effect on the growth, development and productivity of potato plants. In the field treatment of seed tubers with Skulachev ions (25 nM) and followed by spraying of plantings in the phase of budding – beginning of flowering (2,5nM) promoted more intense development of vegetative mass of plants (1.5 times the height and 1.7 to 2.1 of leaf area and increased the length of growing season. As a result of getting a reliable increase in yield of the studied varieties was 1.4 to 1.5 times. 22. B. V. ANISIMOV*, S. N. ZEBRIN, E. G. BLINKOV AND I. A. GRACHEVA [Potato seed quality control system development in Russia]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 91-95 (2021). 1Lorch Potato Research Institute, 23, Lorch Street, Kraskovo, 140051, Moscow region, Russia *(e-mail : anisimov.bv@gmail.com) ABSTRACT The major aspects of seed potato quality control in Russia are considered in the article. The new standard ‘Seed potato specifications and methods for determining the quality’ was developed by the Lorch Potato Research Institute and widely discussed in public during 2016-2017, and approved in 2018 by Interstate Council for Standardization, Meteorology and Certification. The new standard sets out a common terminology and minimum requirements for early generation seed production (original seed), further multiplication (elite seeds) and for end-use ware potato production (reproductive seed). It covers varietal identity and purity, diseases and pests, external tuber quality, sizing and labeling. In accordance with the Standard, all seed potato must be evaluated during crop growth (field surveys) and during post-harvest control (tuber analysis). Results of the field and post-harvest control are normally be based on a visual assessment of the crop. The identification of faults may be supported by appropriate laboratory tests and comparative trials of seed potato samples when required. In 2018-2019 crop season, comparative field trials of original seed potato samples were carried out for detailed check of compliance with the normative tolerances of the standard requirements related to varietal identity and purity and, the level of viral and bacterial diseases transmitted through seed material. At the Lorch Potato Research Institute, 202 samples of original seed potatoes were evaluated to determine their varietal identity, the presence or absence of other variates and plants affected by diseases. Unification and harmonization of the Russian system of seed potato quality control with international – reference quality UNECE standard for seed potato are essential for the development of potato seed production in Russia. 23. I. V. KIM*, A. S. CHIBIZOVA, E. V. SHISCHENKO, P. V. FISENKO, T. N. CHEKUSHKINA, E. N. BARSUKOVA, D. I. VOLKOV AND A. G. KLYKOV [Methods of biotechnology in the improvement of promising potato hybrids (Solanum tuberosum L.)]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 96-99 (2021). Federal State Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology in the Far East named after A. K. Chaika”: 30, Volozhenina Street, Stl. Timiryazvsky, Ussuryisk, Primorskykrai, 692539, Russia *(e-mail : kimira-80@mail.ru) ABSTRACT The spread of viruses through seed tubers from generation to generation is a major limitation of potato yield. Having virus-free material available is extremely important. In this regard, the effectiveness of various antiviral drugs in chemotherapy in improving the health of promising potato hybrids for reproduction in the in vitro collection was analyzed. The viral load in hybrid lines was determined using ELISA and PCR methods. It was found that using ribavirin and chitosan during the 25-day passaging of potato microclones does not completely eliminate viral infection. However, the samples with the lowest concentration of pathogens that will be used in further rehabilitation were identified. 24. V. MOLYANOV, O. VINOGRADOV*, N. IVANAYSKAYA AND I. MOLYANOV [Strains of potato hybrid populations from perspective parent forms for the development of early ripe varieties]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 100-103 (2021). 1Molyanov Agro Group LLC 446442, Kinel, Samara Region, Russia *(e-mail : unionkart@gmail.com) ABSTRACT The article presents the results of a study carried out by the Breeding and Seed Production Center Agrostar LLC, Russia. The results were obtained for the conditions of the Middle Volga region based on the assessment of the yield of seed potato seedlings. The source material for the research was obtained from the Lorch Potato Research Institute, under a joint breeding agreement. As a standard, the regional variety Rosara was used as an early high-yielding potato with excellent taste and resistant to disease. In the test field nursery in 2019, 34 hybrid populations of 40-60 pieces were planted. Promising bushes were selected out of these pieces for further selection and for the creation of potato varieties suitable for cultivation in the soil and climatic conditions of the Middle Volga region. These selected promising strains have high productivity (> 35.0 t/ha), dry matter mass content (up to 23.0%) and starch mass (up to 17.0%) exceeded the variety Rosara standard in these indicators. The selected strains showed resistance to alternariosis, scab. 25. V. K. CHEBOTAR*, A. N. ZAPLATKIN, O. V. KOMAROVA, M. E. BAGANOVA, E. P. CHIZHEVSKAYA, N. I. POLUKHIN AND S. V. BALAKINA [Endophytic bacteria for development of microbiological preparations for increasing productivity and protection of new potato varieties]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 104-107 (2021). 1All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology St. Petersburg, Russia *(e-mail : vladchebotar@rambler.ru) ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of application of microbiological preparations based on endophytic bacteria on new potato varieties under different soil and climatic conditions in Russia. Altogether, 194 strains of endophytic bacteria were isolated from the tubers of wild type potato and the tubers of cv. Sudarynya, and two promising strains viz. Paenibacillus xylanexedens N40 and Bacillus thuringiensis W65 were chosen. Field microplot trials with new potato varieties in Novosibirsk region showed that the treatment of plants with new microbiological preparations had a positive effect on the potato yield gain. The greatest gain was obtained when the preparation based on P. xylanexedens N40 was used on cv. Reggi and when the preparation based on B. thuringiensis W65 was used on cv. Tango. In field microplot trials in the Leningrad region the potato yield increased significantly after the application of microbiological preparations by 10.9-12.2% in case of cv. Kalibr and by 19.0-24.2% in case of cv. Rozovyi Charodei. The application of microbiological preparations based on endophytic bacteria P. xylanexedens N40 and B. thuringiensis W65 considerably decreased the prevalence of phytophthorosis on tubers of cv. Kalibr and the prevalence of fusariosis and common potato scab on tubers of cv. Rozovyi Charodei. 26. E. P. SHANINA*, E. M. KLYUKINA, M. A. STAFEEVA AND N. V. BELYAEVA [Potential of potatoes as a source of nutritional value : Amino acid composition of protein in stubbies of potatoes of the Ural region, Russia]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 108-112 (2021). Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences St. Belinsky, 112a, Yekaterinburg, Russia, 620142 *(e-mail : shanina08@yandex.ru) ABSTRACT The evaluation of the selection material of the Ural selection was carried out for 17 amino acids that are part of the potato protein: lysine, histidine, arginine, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, cystine and meteonin. Analysis of 30 promising cultivars showed that the content of some amino acids in potato tubers, such as arginine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine and valine significantly affected by the genotype and environment. On an average, about 1/3 of the total amino acid composition of potato tubers was made up of essential amino acids, of which most of all were arginine (upto 0.56%), lysine (upto 0.16%) and leucine (upto 0.15%). These maximum indicators were noted in the Mishka variety. The main content of nonessential amino acids was aspartic (0.25 to 0.65%) and glutamic (0.21 to 0.45%) acids. The maximum value in terms of the total composition of amino acids (2.70%) was noted in the Mishka variety. varieties with high indicators were noted in Gornyak (2.64%), Legenda (2.53%), Terra (2.45%) and, hybrids 10-22-23 (2.58%) and 10-11-39 (2.48%). Correlation links were direct, average ones were found between the protein content and amino acids lysine (r = 0,371), arginine (r = 0,347), histidine (r = 0,345) and meteonin (r = 0,341). In other cases the correlation was direct and weak (r = 0,015-0.298). A direct and moderately positive correlation was noted between the content of reducing sugars and amino acids glycine (r = 0,411), arginine (r = 0,388), leucine (r = 0,366), histidine (r = 0,348) and lysine (r = 0,333). There was a direct high correlation dependence on the content of vitamin C and the amino acid cystine in potato tubers (r = 0,706). 27. SIMAKOV E. A.*, ANISIMOV B. V., MITYUSHKIN A. V., ZHURAVLEV A. A., MITYUSHKIN AL-R. V., GAIZATULIN A. S. AND KORDABOVSKY V. YU. [Increasing the nutritional value and consumer qualities of table potato varieties]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 113-117 (2021). 1Russian Potato Research Centre 23 Letter B Lorch Street, Suburban (Dacha) Settlement Kraskovo Lyuberetsky District, Moskow Oblast, 140051, Russia *(e-mail : vniikh@mail.ru) ABSTRACT The article presents the results of using VIR’s and RPRC’s 18 backcross hybrids as donors of a complex of agronomic characters in the implementation of the most important directions of breeding based on optimal hybridization options and selection of valuable genotypes to improve the nutritional value and consumer qualities of potato tubers. Identification of genotypes combining a high level of starch content and yield was noted only at the level of the average population level, which coincides with the average starch content of the parents. The efficiency of selection of low-starchy forms is much higher, since a decrease in the level of manifestation of a trait has no negative correlation with productivity. A high correlation (+0.78) of the protein content in the tubers of the parental forms with the average protein content of the offspring was established, which confirms the presence of control of this trait by additively acting polygenes. The largest amount of macronutrients was found in tubers of genotypes selected among the four-species hybrids of populations from crossing wild species S.vrn x S.adg x S.ryb with S. tuberosum varieties. The use of the selected varieties as donors of a complex of economically useful traits makes it possible to speed up the breeding process and reduce the cost of creating new potato varieties with improved nutritional value and consumer qualities of tubers. 28. ALEKSEI G. TULINOV* AND ALEKSANDER YU. LOBANOV [Assessment of environmental plasticity of new potato varieties of the Komi Republic, Russia]. Res. on Crops 22 (Spl. Issue) : 118-121 (2021). Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the Federal Research Center of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 167023, 27 Rucheynaya Str., Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia *(e-mail : toolalgen@mail.ru) ABSTRACT Environmental plasticity is an important indicator of new varieties. This assessment should be carried out prior to their implementation in production in order to more accurately determine the compliance of the variety and its cultivation conditions. At the Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the Federal Research Center of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia, Komi Republic, Syktyvkar) two new potato varieties (Zyryanets and Vychegodsky) were developed. The characteristics of these varieties meet all the requirements that were set for them viz. the formation of grocery-ware tubers during three months of summer vegetation, with an average of not more than 12 tubers per plant, high field plant resistance to various diseases of both the potato tops and the tubers. The plasticity of these varieties was evaluated based on three years of field resistance. The potatoes were planted on experimental sites of the Institute. On those fields, six-field crop rotation was maintained to ensure high soil fertility without the use of either mineral or organic fertilizers. The sod-podzolic soil had 3.4% of humus. The content of main nutrients was as follows: Ntot. – 90 mg/kg, P2O5 – 597.5 mg/kg and K2O – 103.7 mg/kg of soil. The potatoes were planted on the 70 x 30 cm spacing plan to a depth of 8-10 cm. The area of the test plot was 52.5 m2 (250 tubers) in quadruple repetition. The studies were conducted from 2017 to 2019. A comprehensive assessment of weather factors (precipitation and temperature) in 2017 to 2019 showed their influence on the studied potato varieties was conducted by calculating the environment index. This indicator allowed the authors to obtain the i linear regression coefficient, which in this case shows the dependence of the yield of the varieties on the conditions in which they were grown. Two varieties were selected as controls: Nevsky (middle-early) and Udacha (early). The Nevsky variety bears a linear dependence of its yield changes on environmental conditions (i = 1.0). On the contrary, the Udacha variety was non-plastic, and its yield varied slightly as environmental conditions changes (i = 0.5). It was found that the Zyryanets variety bears high responsiveness to environmental conditions (i = 1.7). In favourable years, it was capable of producing very high yields, although the yield drops sharply during unfavourable years. The Vychegodsky variety was more stable (i = 1.2) as far as its responsiveness to environmental conditions. Therefore, it suits agro-climatic conditions of the Komi Republic better. In terms of its characteristics, this variety is similar to the Nevsky one, which has long been recommended for cultivation in the Komi Republic but has a higher yield by 1.7 t/ha. These studies have shown that in order to strengthen the country’s food security and further promote potato varieties to northern territories of the European part of Russia, especially in polar latitudes, obtaining high yield and disease resistance indicators is not enough – one also needs to take environmental stability into account. This will allow cultivating varieties with predictable yield under risky farming conditions. *******************************