Ethical standards for publication exist to ensure high-quality scientific publications.

Assessment of Manuscripts
All manuscripts are subject to peer review and are expected to meet standards of academic excellence. If approved by the editor, articles will be reviewed by peer reviewers, whose identities are not disclosed to the authors.

Plagiarism
Authors must not use the words, figures, or ideas of others without acknowledgment. All sources are required to be cited, and reuse of wording should be limited and quoted in the text. Authors should submit plagiarism report along with the submission of manuscripts.
Manuscripts that are found to have been plagiarized from a manuscript by other authors, will be rejected and the authors may incur sanctions. Any published articles may need to be corrected or retracted.

Duplicate Submission
Gaurav Publications journals consider only original content, i.e., articles that have not been previously published. Articles based on content previously made public only on a preprint server, institutional repository, or in a thesis will be considered. In such cases, the preprint or thesis must be cited.

Manuscripts submitted to Gaurav Publications journals must not be submitted elsewhere while under consideration and must be withdrawn before being submitted elsewhere. Authors whose articles are found to have been simultaneously submitted elsewhere may incur sanctions.

If authors have used their own previously published work, or work that is currently under review, as the basis for a submitted manuscript, they must cite the previous articles and indicate how their submitted manuscript differs from their previous work. Reuse of the authors’ own words outside the Methods should be attributed or quoted in the text. Reuse of the authors’ own figures or substantial amounts of wording may require permission from the copyright holder.

Gaurav Publications journals will consider extended versions of articles published at conference proceedings provided this is declared in the cover letter, the previous version is clearly cited and discussed, there is significant new content, and any necessary permissions are obtained.

Redundant publication may result in rejection or a request to merge submitted manuscripts, and the correction of published articles. Duplicate publication of a similar article may result in the retraction of the later article and the authors may incur sanctions.

Manipulation of Citation
Authors whose submitted manuscripts are found to include citations whose primary purpose is to increase the number of citations to a given author’s work, may incur sanctions.
Editors and Reviewers should not ask authors to include references merely to increase citations to their own or an associate’s work, to the journal, or to another journal they are associated with.

Fabrication and Falsification
The authors of submitted manuscripts or published articles that are found to have fabricated or falsified the results and figures, may incur sanctions, and published articles may be retracted.

Authorship and Acknowledgements
All listed authors must have contributed significantly contributed to the research reported in the manuscript, approved its claims, and agreed to be an author. It is important to list everyone who made a significant scientific contribution.  Author contributions may be described at the end of the submission. Changes in authorship must be declared to the journal and agreed to by all authors.

Anyone who contributed to the research or manuscript preparation, but is not an author, should be acknowledged with their permission. Submissions other than one of the authors will not be considered.

Conflicts of Interest
Authors
Gaurav Publications journals consider only those submissions where author/s declare/s that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper. Corresponding author/s is/are responsible for coauthors declaring their interests.

All funding, whether a conflict or not, must be declared in the ‘Funding Statement’.

The involvement of anyone other than the authors who directly or indirectly helped in the commissioning, conception, planning, design, conduct, or analysis of the work, the preparation or editing of the manuscript, or the decision to publish must be declared. The declared conflicts of interest will be considered by the editor and reviewers and included in the published article.

Editors and Reviewers
Editors and reviewers should decline to be involved with a submission when they have a current submission with any author, recently shared an affiliation with any author, recently collaborated with any author, have a close connection to any author and have a financial interest in the subject of the submission. Editors and reviewers must declare if they have previously discussed the manuscript with the authors.

Sanctions
If Gaurav Publications becomes aware of breaches of publication ethics, the following sanctions may be applied across the Gaurav Publications journals:

• Prohibition from working as an editor or reviewer.
• Not allowing submission for 2 years.
• Rejection of the manuscript/s submitted by the author/s.

Investigations
Suspected breaches of our publication ethics policies, either before or after publication, should be reported to our Editorial Assistant (info@gauravpublications.com). Claimants will be kept anonymous if requested. Gaurav Publications may ask the authors to provide the underlying data and images, consult editors, and contact institutions or employers to ask for an investigation or to raise concerns.

Corrections and Retractions
When errors are identified in published articles, the publisher will consider what action is required and may consult the editors and the authors. Errors by the authors may be corrected by a corrigendum and errors by the publisher by an erratum.
If there are errors that significantly affect the conclusions or there is evidence of misconduct, this may require retraction.