Volume 10, No. 1 (June, 2025)
1. SABARIVASAN R* [Revitalising black gram agriculture: A comprehensive review of foliar nutrient strategies for enhanced yield]. Farming & Management 10 (1): 1-10 (2025). Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture Central Agricultural University, Manipur-795004, India *(e-mail: sabarivaasanr@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Black gram production in Tamil Nadu has been steadily declining due to several challenges like dependence on rainfall, poor farming practices, and low nutrient absorption from the soil. These problems are even more serious in rice fallow areas, where the leftover soil moisture is not enough for the roots to take in nutrients effectively. To overcome these issues, this study looks into foliar nutrient application, a method where nutrients are sprayed directly on the leaves, to improve plant growth and yield. The research focuses on how different foliar nutrients, such as DAP, urea, TNAU Pulse Wonder, borax, ammonium molybdate, salicylic acid, triacontanol, and Polyfeed, can help blackgram plants grow better and produce more. Reviewing earlier studies and results, this manuscript shows that foliar feeding is a promising technique to support pulse farming, especially in areas with limited water and poor soil conditions. It offers useful information for farmers and researchers to improve blackgram production through better nutrient management.
2. MASINA SAIRAM, SAGAR MAITRA*, SUMIT RAY, BISRUTI MAITY AND PUSPENDU PRADHAN [Influence of need-based nutrient management on yield and nutrient use efficiency of Rabi maize (Zea mays L.) under sandy loam soils of Odisha, India]. Farming & Management 10 (1): 11-19 (2025). 1Department of Agronomy and Agroforestry Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi-761 211 (Odisha), India *(e-mail: sagar.maitra@cutm.ac.in)
ABSTRACT
Maize (Zea mays L.), being a heavy nutrient feeder, improper application of nutrients may cause nutrient deficiency in maize, resulting in yield loss. Considering these, the present study was carried out during the Rabi seasons (November-March) of 2021-22 and 2022-23 at P. G. Research Farm of Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India. The study was designed by adopting a randomized block design with 13 treatments and they were replicated three times. The treatments were: T1: recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (120-60-60 kg/ha), T2: 125% RDF, T3: 75% RDF, T4: 150% RDF, T5: RDF + nano urea, T6: 75% RDF + nano Urea, T7 : leaf colour chart (LCC) £4, T8: LCC £5, T9: chlorophyll content meter (CCM) at sufficiency index< 90%, T10: CCM sufficiency index< 95%, T11: Nutrient Expert (NE) targeted yield 7 t/ha, T12: NE targeted yield 9 t/ha and T13: absolute control. Results of the study revealed that the highest grain and biological yield was noted with the CCM-based sufficiency index < 95%. The highest agronomic nitrogen use efficiency was recorded with CCM sufficiency index < 90%, NE targeted yield 9 t/ha and 125% RDF. The highest agronomic phosphorus and potassium use efficiencies were observed with the CCM sufficiency index < 95%, followed by NE targeted yield 9 t/ha and 125% RDF. The CCM sufficiency index < 95% showed the highest physiological use efficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, with 150% RDF, 125% RDF and CCM sufficiency Index < 90% remained close behind. Apparent recovery efficiency (ARE) and partial factor productivity (PFP) for all nutrients registered the highest value in the CCM sufficiency index < 95%, followed by the CCM sufficiency index < 90%, NE targeted yield 9 t/ha, 150% RDF and 125% RDF. Nutrient harvest index (NHI) for nitrogen and phosphorus exceeded that of potassium, with the highest NHI noted with the absolute control. Among nutrient-applied treatments, 75% RDF showed the highest NHI, followed by 125% RDF and 100% RDF.
3. V. P. SINGH* AND R. K. MAITI [A review on growth and productivity of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]]. Farming & Management 10 (1): 20-30 (2025). Gaurav Publications, Shop No. 17. Ground Floor, Om Shopping Complex Behind Head Post Office, Old Area Udeypurian Street, Hisar-125001, Haryana, India *(e-mail: cropresearch1@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
This paper reviews recent research on sorghum’s vegetative and reproductive growth under normal and stress conditions, including leaf growth, stem anatomy, and reproductive development. Stress factors like drought, salinity, and temperature significantly impact crop growth and yield. The focus is on phenological development leading to flowering and grain maturity. Understanding crop growth patterns and responses to stress is crucial for effective management practices.
4. Sivakumar V* [Performance of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) varieties under organic and inorganic production practices]. Farming & Management 10 (1): 31-35 (2025). Horticultural Research Station Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Kovvur-534350 (Andhra Pradesh), India *(e-mail: siva200619@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
The agro-ecological conditions of the Eastern Ghats region of Andhra Pradesh with moderate temperatures, high rainfall and rich in soil organic carbon provide immense opportunity for the organic cultivation of ginger. Ginger is one of the essential crops being cultivated by tribal farmers of the Eastern Ghats region for their livelihood. Since farmers do not follow any package of practices, farmers get less yield when compared to the state average yield. By observing this, ICAR-AICRP on Spices Centre, Horticultural Research Station, Chintapalli conducted an experiment to validated organic package in ginger developed by ICAR- Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode along with the inorganic package in three varieties of ginger namely Nadia, Rejitha and Chintapalli Local in factorial RBD for three years from 2018-19 to 2020-21. The results disclosed that irrespective of the variety, the inorganic package recommended by Dr. YSR Horticultural University recorded the highest plant height, fresh rhizome yield per hectare, dry recovery and dry rhizome yield per hectare when compared to the organic package. However, the organic package can be recommended to the organic growers of tribal farmers to improve productivity in the Eastern Ghats region of Andhra Pradesh. Among the varieties, Nadia recorded the highest fresh rhizome yield (16.10 t/ha) and dry yield (16.10%) when compared to other varieties.
5. Acharya Balkrishna1, Ajay Kumar Gautam*, Nidhi Sharma, Vedpriya Arya and Vikram Khelwade [Impact of organic and bio-fertilizer combinations on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)]. Farming & Management 10 (1): 36-42 (2025). Patanjali Herbal Research Department Patanjali Research Foundation, Haridwar 249405 (Uttarakhand), India *(e-mail: ajay.gautam@patanjali.res.in)
ABSTRACT
The present study was performed between March and June 2023 to study the effects of organic and bio-fertilizer combinations on the growth and yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). Four nutrient combinations included T0 (Control), T1 [Jaivik Prom (100 kg/ac) + 4ml Bio NPK], T2 [Pori Potash (100 kg/ac + 4ml Bio NPK], T3 [Dharti ka Chaukidar (10 kg/ac) + 4ml Bio NPK] and T4 [Jaivik Poshak (7 kg/ac) + 4ml Bio NPK] were analyzed in this study using a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the strength and direction of linear relationships among the parameters and a heat map was generated to represent these correlations visually. The effects of organic nutritional treatments were analyzed in terms of plant growth and yield parameters. All the combinations of organic and bio-fertilizers except T1 (Jaivik Prom + Bio NPK) exhibited a positive impact on plant height, leaf area, number and yield of fruits. Similarly, the combination of Bio NPK with Pori Potash + Bio NPK (T2) and Dharti ka Chaukidar + Bio NPK (T3) was also found fruitful in promoting the growth and yield of okra. These results concluded that organic nutrients in combination with bio-fertilizers can enhance the growth and yield of vegetable crops including okra.
6. Rubeena Kouser*, Ramandeep Achint and Shakha Sharma [Effect of weather parameters on seasonal abundance of mango hopper Amritodus atkinsoni on four different mango varieties of Jammu Region, J & K, India]. Farming & Management 10 (1): 43-49 (2025). School of Bio Sciences, RIMT University Mandi, Gobindgarh-147301 (Punjab), India *(e-mail: rubeena3158@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
The mango hopper, Amritodus atkinsoni (Leth.) poses a substantial danger to the production of mangoes (Mangifera indica L.), causing significant crop damage and financial losses. The experiments were conducted in mango orchards of Nagbani-Marh area of Jammu region of J & K from Jan 2023 to Dec 2023. This study examined the seasonal population dynamics of A. atkinsoni on four commercial mango cultivars, Dashehari, Langra, Kheera and Malda of Jammu region throughout 2023. Field observations employed standardized bag-trap and sweep net sampling to quantify hopper populations on fortnightly basis. The first appearance of adult hoppers was noticed during 1st fortnight of March in 2023 whereas, the peak of adult leafhoppers was recorded during 2nd fortnight of May on all cultivars i.e., Dashehari, Langra, Kheera and Malda. After this, the population on all cultivars decreased in June and July and then showed second peak during first fortnight of August. This 2nd peak was not as high as the previous one indicating that A. atkinsoni is bivoltine. Relative humidity and temperature were found to have a substantial impact on the hopper population. Morning and evening relative humidity had a negative effect on the hopper population, whereas maximum and minimum temperatures showed a positive and significant correlation. Dashehari was shown to be the most vulnerable to mango hopper infestation among the four mango cultivars, followed by Langra, Kheera, and Malda. It is discovered that Malda is the least vulnerable. These results suggest critical intervention windows for implementing integrated pest management strategies to minimize output losses and optimize pest control efficacy in commercial mango production systems, particularly for susceptible cultivars.
7. Shailesh A. Barad, M. L. Patel*, I. B. Kapadiya and Bhumi D. Barad [Population dynamics of Chiku moth (Nephopteryx eugraphella Ragonot) and its correlation with weather parameters]. Farming & Management 10 (1): 50-54 (2025). Main Dry Farming Research Station Junagadh Agricultural University, Targhadia 360 023 (Gujarat), India *(e-mail: mlpatel@jau.in)
ABSTRACT
The present investigation on the population dynamics of the Chiku moth was conducted on the Kalipatti variety at Jambuvadi Farm, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India. Data on the percentage of damage to twigs, leaves, buds and flowers based on the nature of damage caused by the Chiku moth (Nephopteryx eugraphella Ragonot) was recorded at fortnightly intervals from the first fortnight of March 2023 to the second fortnight of February 2024. The population dynamics of Chiku moth revealed that the infestation was wide spread throughout year with 7.65 to 26.86 per cent leaves, bud and flower damage by Chiku moth. The highest per cent infestation on leaf (26.86 %) was found during first fortnight of June (22nd and 24th SMW), whereas, it recorded the lowest (7.65 %) during first fortnight of February (5th and 6th SMW). The correlation study between the infestation of Chiku moth and various abiotic factors of environment viz. maximum temperature, morning relative humidity, evening relative humidity, mean relative humidity, morning vapour pressure, evening vapour pressure, mean vapour pressure and rainfall showed highly significant and positive effect on pest activity. Similarly, evaporation showed highly significant and negative effect on pest activity. While mean temperature showed non-significant relation and maximum temperature showed negative non-significant relation.
8. Ravikumar D. Dodiya*, Jay V. Italiya, Prakash S. Patel, Naziya P. Pathan and Anilkumar H. Barad [CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated gene disruption: A novel strategy against fall armyworm]. Farming & Management 10 (1): 55-60 (2025). Department of Entomology, C. P. College of Agriculture S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar-385 506 (Gujarat), India *(e-mail: ravidd1208@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
The Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)) is a highly polyphagous pest, infesting over 80 plant species, notably maize, and causing significant agricultural losses worldwide. Traditional control methods face challenges due to the pest’s rapid resistance development and high reproductive capacity. The CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats-CRISPR-associated protein 9) technology offers a precise approach to pest management by enabling targeted gene editing. Applications include disrupting genes vital for reproduction, such as those involved in sex determination, thereby reducing pest populations. Additionally, gene drive systems can propagate these modifications throughout populations, enhancing control efficacy. The CRISPR can also be employed to engineer crop resistance by modifying plant genomes to deter pest feeding. While promising, considerations regarding ecological impacts, ethical implications, and regulatory frameworks are essential for the responsible deployment of CRISPR-based strategies in managing S. frugiperda.
9. Hemangi J. Kapadiya*, J. R. Talaviya, K. D. Shah, S. V. Lathiya and V. A. Savaliya [Evaluation of systemic fungicides for growth inhibition of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. causing root rot of okra]. Farming & Management 10 (1): 61-64 (2025). Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh-360 201 (Gujarat), India *(e-mail: hemangikapadiya3@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) is the only vegetable crop of significance in the Malvaceae family and is very popular in the Indo-Pak subcontinent. In India, it ranks first in its consumption. The crop was found to suffer from stem and root rot disease in severe form in many regions of Gujarat state during Kharif 2021. So, for its management seven systemic fungicides were evaluated at three concentrations (100, 250 and 500 ppm) under in vitro condition. The fungicides tested included: T1) Azoxystrobin 23% SC, T2) Carbendazim 50% WP, T3) Fluxapyroxad 333 g/L FS, T4) Fosetyl-Al 80% WP, T5) Propiconazole 25% SC, T6) Hexaconazole 5% EC and T7) Thiophanate methyl 70% WP. The results revealed that Hexaconazole 5% EC gave 98.30, 100 and 100% inhibition at 100, 250 and 500 ppm, respectively. The next best fungicide was propiconazol 25% SC which gave 98.30, 98.83 and 100% inhibition of mycelial growth of the fungus at 100, 250 and 500 ppm, respectively.
10. Rajib Kumar Dolai* and Debasish Mondal [Relative importance of agricultural factors on India’s GDP growth]. Farming & Management 10 (1): 65-75 (2025). Department of Economics Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya, Tamluk-721636 (West Bengal), India *(e-mail: rajibss44@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
The relative importance of factors in Indian agriculture from 1960-61 to 2019-20 has been assessed using the True Relative Importance methodology. This approach combines statistical logic, axioms, and theorems from various correlation measures, including squared orthopartial, semi-orthopartial, and simple correlations. Five factors were selected for analysis: Non-irrigated area, irrigated area, fertilizer, rainfall, and temperature, to demonstrate how they contribute to agricultural growth. In the presence of multicollinearity, factors can exhibit positive or negative overlapping, depending on the absence or presence of enhancement synergism. Irrigated area emerged as the most significant factor, explaining 29.15 percent, followed by fertilizer at 27.16%, while rainfall held the lowest relative importance at 0.25%. Despite significant annual rainfall, India relies heavily on irrigation due to spatial and temporal distribution issues. Marginal explanatory power tends to overestimate the true importance of irrigated area while underestimating that of temperature. This pattern holds for other factors as well, where marginal analysis either overestimates or underestimates true importance. Effective policy implementation requires an accurate analysis of true importance, which marginal analysis fails to provide.
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