Volume 7, Number 1 (April 2006)
For full text, please contact to Editor-in-chief at :info@cropresearch.org
1. C. VENKATA RAMANA, P. NAVEEN KUMAR, L. NARAM NAIDU AND Y. N. REDDY [Phytochemicals from vegetables : Vitamins of the future–A review]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 1-12 (2006). Department of Horticulture Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030 (A. P.), India
ABSTRACT
Phytochemicals (Syn. Phytonutrients, phytonutriceuticals) are the chemical compounds derived from plants that have health promoting properties. Fortunately, most commonly consumed group of vegetables is rich in hundreds of phytochemicals. Various groups include organosulphur compounds (glucosinolates, thiosulphides), polyphenolics (flavonoids, terpenoids), vitamin C, dietary fibre, selenium and folates. The health benefits of these chemicals are linked primarily to their antioxidant potential. Organosulphur compounds also act by inducing detoxification enzymes and inhibiting activation enzymes. Dieticians and health experts world over consider these phytochemicals as the supernovas of healthy eating because of the immense arsenal that they pack both to prevent and fight against deadly diseases like several types of cancers, cardio vascular problems, diabetes, premature ageing, etc. The health benefits from vegetables, however, should not be linked to only one compound or one type of vegetable. A balanced diet that includes more than one type of vegetable is likely to provide better protection.
2. R. K. MAITI, P. VIDYASAGAR AND V. P. SINGH [Research trends on physiological basis of crop growth and productivity in maize (Zea mays L.)–A review]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 13-43 (2006). Vibha Agrotech Ltd. 501, Subhan Sirisampada, Rajbhavan Road Samajiguda, Hyderabad-500 082, (A. P.), India
ABSTRACT
In recent years, major research activities have been directed on the physiological basis of maize growth and productivity. With respect to vegetative growth, researches have been undertaken on leaf development, distribution of oxygen in roots, growth analysis and factors influencing these activities. Besides, several modelling approaches have been undertaken for the prediction of grain yield. With respect to reproductive growth, major attentions have been given on the development of floral meristem, the effect of silk age on fertilisation and pollination. Some studies have been undertaken on transpiration, photosynthesis, oxidative stress, phototropism, tocopherol, water management, drought stress, salinity tolerance, cold tolerance and mineral nutritions. Very few studies have been undertaken for the selection of the genotypes resistant to these stress factors. Among these, a great emphasis has been given on photosynthesis. All these phenomena are directly or indirectly related with maize productivity. There is a great necessity to formulate adequate strategies for managing the crop under adverse agro-climatic conditions and the selection of crop cultivars for adaptation under these adverse situations.
3. R. K. MAITI, P. VIDYASAGAR, B. S. PATIL AND V. P. SINGH [Research advances on salinity tolerance in vegetable crops–A review]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 44-54 (2006). Vibha Agrotech Ltd. 501, Sirisampada, Rajbhavan Road Samajiguda, Hyderabad-500 082 (A. P.).
ABSTRACT
Vegetables have great demand owing to important sources of vitamins and minerals for human beings. The productivity of vegetable is highly affected by salinity. Several researches have been undertaken to investigate the effect of salinity on germination and seedling growth, and its effect on the physiological and biochemical reactions of various vegetable crops. An increase in salinity reduces the germination percentage and seedling growth and impairs the enzymatic activities, thereby affecting the growth and the productivity of the vegetables. Variations exist among crop species in response to salinity levels. Chinese cabbage, leaf lettuce and carrot were highly sensitive at high salinity, while radish, celery, tomato, chicory and cowpea were tolerant to salinity. Under EC various phytotoxicity symptoms appeared such as stunted leaves, chlorosis and necrosis of leaf margins, and root tip dieback. With irrigation with sea water, several interactions occur among ions such as sodium reduces the uptake of potassium due to ion antagonism and chloride antagonizes the uptake of nitrate. Decreased iron concentrations induced chlorosis. The uptake of phosphate increased significantly in response to ion balance. Na+ and K+ may play a significant role in maintaining cellular turgor under salinity. Osmotic adjustment, ion balance and Na/K ration are some of the mechanisms of tolerance to salinity.
4. R. L. NAYAK, T. MITRA, S. SINHA AND S. BASU [Yield and yield components of some rice varieties as influenced by varying seedlings number per hill]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 55-57 (2005). Department of Agronomy Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, Nadia (West Bengal), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted in a factorial randomised block design on clay loam soil having neutral pH and moderate fertility status at the Teaching Farm, Mondouri, BCKV during dry season of 2000-01 to study the effect of planting varying number of seedlings/hill (1, 2 and 3 seedlings/hill) on yield components as well as yield of three different hybrid varieties (Pro-Agro 6201, CNHR-3 and PAC-801) and one high yielding variety (Khitish) of rice. Results of the study revealed that hybrids produced higher number of panicles/m2, higher number of filled spikelets/panicle thereby producing higher grain yield as compared to high yielding variety. Among the three hybrids, Pro-Agro 6201 performed better than other two on the above aspects. Hyrid varieties exhibited better performance in terms of yield components and yield at two seedlings/hill than one seedling/hill but there was no yield advantage by planting three seedlings/hill over two seedlings/hill. The high yielding variety Khitish performed better at three seedlings/hill than at 1 or 2 seedlings/hill.
5. M. JOSEPH, V. VEERABADRAN AND M. HEMALATHA [Nitrogen mineralization from Sesbania aculeata in wetseeded hybrid rice CORH 2 under intercropping system]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 58-62 (2006). Department of Agronomy Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
Field experiment was conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai during rabi season of 2000-01 to study the rate of decomposition of green manure intercropped in rice in terms of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) content of soil in wetseeded rice hybrid CORH 2. The experiment was laid out in split plot design replicated thrice. Main plot treatments included four seed rates of rice 12, 16, 20 and 24 kg/ha with/without green manure dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) intercropping. In the sub-plots, application of 100 and 75% N through urea applicator was compared with application of 100% N by broadcasting. Wetseeding of hybrid rice CORH 2 and green manure dhaincha was done using paddy-cum-dhaincha drum seeder. The green manure biomass was incorporated on 45 DAS with Cono Weeder. Intercropping and incorporation of dhaincha in wetseeded hybrid rice exerted a positive influence on NH4-N and NO3-N content of soil during first five days of incorporation. The peak NH4-N content was observed at 3rd week after incorporation (159.3-167.5 kg/ha) and gradually declined thereafter. But the peak NO3-N content was observed at 5th week after incorporation (118.4-123.4 kg/ha).
6. SANJAY KUMAR, J. SHEKHAR, B. S. MANKOTIA AND A. MISHRA [Evaluation of N management practices in rice under wet temperate mid hills of H. P.]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 63-66 (2006). CSK HPKV Rice & Wheat Research Centre, Malan-176 047 (H. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
Effects of controlled release N fertilizer (CRN) alongwith other management practices on rice yield, N uptake and available N content in soil were studied during kharif seasons of 2000 and 2001. Application of CRN as polymer coated urea (PCU) @ 100 kg N/ha basally resulted in the highest panicle number, panicle weight, yield, N uptake and available N content in the soil. Application of 45 kg N/ha through PCU basally+15 kg N/ha through prilled urea at PI was statistically similar to the recommended practice of applying 90 kg N/ha through prilled urea in three splits with respect to yield attributes, yield and N uptake and available N build-up in soil.
7. MULI DEVI PARIHAR, HARBIR SINGH, R. S. HOODA, V. P. SINGH AND K. P. SINGH [Grain yield, water use and water use efficiency of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) hybrids under varying nitrogen applications]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 67-69 (2006). Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (kharif) season of 2004 on a sandy loam soil at Research Farm, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to study the effect of varying nitrogen levels on grain yield, water use and water use efficiency of some pearl millet hybrids under limited water supply. Pearl millet hybrid HHB 67-2/HHB 67 improved gave significantly higher grain yield (3683 kg/ha) and higher seasonal water use (248.2 mm) than rest of the hybrids. Hybrid HHB 68 being at par with HHB 67-2/HHB 67 improved recorded markedly higher water use efficiency. Application of 100 kg N/ha, being at par with 80 kg N/ha, resulted in higher grain yield and water use than rest of the nitrogen levels.
8. ANUREET KAUR AND V. P. SINGH [Effect of planting method, mulching and weed control on growth and yield of hybrid pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 70-72 (2005). Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India.
ABSTRACT
Field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2001 to study the effect of planting methods, mulching and weed control on growth and yield of hybrid pearl millet under rainfed conditions. While comparing the planting methods it was found that paired row planting significantly increased plant height, leaf area/plant and produced higher grain and stover yields as well as spike length, spike girth and dry weight per spike as compared to regular planting. However, 1000-grain weight and dry matter accumulation/plant were not affected by planting methods. Mulching treatments also significantly increased the growth, yield and yield attributes of pearl millet as compared to no mulching. The increase in mulch material from 20 to 40 q /ha did not increase the grain yield. Application of atrazine @ 0.5 kg a.i./ha significantly increased plant height, leaf area and dry matter, spike length, dry weight per spike, grain and stover yield over hand weeding and weedy check.
9. R. K. MAITI, P. VIDYASAGAR AND S. K. GHOSH [Genotypic variability of six pearl millet hybrids and their parents for tolerance to salinity at the germination and seedling stage]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 73-80 (2006). Vibha Agrotech Ltd. 501, Subhan Sirisampada, Rajbhavan Road Samajiguda, Hyderabad-500 082 (A. P.), India
ABSTRACT
The present study was undertaken to study the responses of six pearl millet hybrids and their parents to different levels of salinity (0.15 and 0.2 M NaCl) and to determine the genotypic variability in their tolerance to salinity both at the germination and seedling stage. With an increase in salinity, there was gradual decrease in germination and seedling growth with respect to plumule and radicle length, shoot and root length and their dry weights. Highly significant differences were found for some of these traits in different saline treatments. High heritability observed in the case of germination, seedling emergence, shoot and root length and their dry weights offers good scope of selecting these traits for genetic improvement of pearl millet for salinity tolerance. In general, phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation indicating the influence of environments on the expression of the traits mentioned. The genotypes showing very high germination percentage were MVBH-4 (male parent), VBH-2, FVBH-3, VBH-4, FVBH-5, FVBH-6 (female parent), MVBH-3 (male) but at emergence and seedling stages, the genotypes ranked as tolerant were MVBH-6, VBH-3, FVBH-6, MVBH-1, VBH-1 and MVBH-3 indicating that tolerance at germination stages did not show good correlation with tolerance at the emergence and the seedling stages. Therefore, pearl millet parents tolerant to salinity could be recombined to make a possible hybrid with tolerance to salinity.
10. M. YAKADRI AND V. R. K. MURTHY [Production potential of blackgram-foxtail millet crop sequence as influenced by N and P application]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 81-83 (2006). Department of Agronomy Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030 (A. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was carried out during 1999 and 2000 to assess the impact of N and P application on production and economics of blackgram-foxtail millet crop sequence. Pooled data revealed that combined application of 20 kg N+60 kg P2O5/ha to blackgram resulted in higher blackgram equivalent yield and net profit compared to other treatments.
11. Y. P. SINGH AND SMITA CHAUDHARY [Response of varieties to sources of phosphorus and irrigation schedule on growth, quality, yield, sulphur uptake and water use by chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)]. Res. on crops 7(1) : 84-87 (2006). Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Banasthali Vidyapith-304 022 (Deemed University) (Rajasthan), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2002-03 to 2003-04 on sulphur deficient sandy loam soil. The plant height, days to flowering, maturity and water use were higher in chickpea variety RSG-44 as compared to variety RSG-888, while reverse trend was found in water use efficiency, grain, straw and protein yield. The mean increase in grain and protein yield of chickpea variety RSG-888 was 30.9 and 36.7% higher over variety RSG-44. The growth, protein, grain yield, water use, water use efficiency, sulphur content and its uptake were higher with recommended dose of phosphorus through single super phosphate followed by dia ammonium phosphate and compared to control. The application of recommended dose of phosphorus through dia ammonium phosphate and single super phosphate increased 15.8 and 28.7% in grain and 21.5 and 39.8% in protein yield over control. Irrigation proved better in terms of growth, water use, grain, straw and protein yield. The water use efficiency was highest (159.2 kg grain/cm/ha) in rainfed conditions followed by one irrigation (144.6 kg grain/cm/ha) compared with two irrigations (109.4 kg grain/cm/ha). The higher grain and protein yield of chickpea are possible in sulphur deficient soils in limited irrigation conditions with variety RSG-888 and recommended dose of phosphorus through single super phosphate.
12. J. S. MANCHANDA, I. M. CHHIBBA AND V. K. NAYYAR [Response of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) to copper fertilization in a Typic Udorthent]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 88- 91 (2006). Department of Soils Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004 (Punjab), India.
ABSTRACT
A screen house experiment was conducted to study the reponse of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) to Cu application (0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg kg-1 soil) in a Typic Udorthent near neutral (pH 6.9) soil having a marginal DTPA-Cu (0.2 mg kg-1 soil). Dry matter yield of root and shoot increased significantly over control by 18.4 and 46%, respectively, with an application of 2.5 mg Cu kg-1 soil. The yield declined sharply when Cu was applied @ 5 mg kg-1 soil but thereafter it remained almost constant. The DTPA-Cu in soil at which 90% of the maximum root and shoot yield was recorded was found to be 0.55 and 0.90 mg kg-1 soil, respectively. Copper content and uptake by root and shoot increased significantly with increasing levels of applied Cu but that of Zn, Fe and Mn decreased, thus, leading to a significant reduction in Zn/Cu, Fe/Cu and Mn/Cu ratios in both the plant parts. Higher contents of Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn were observed in roots as compared to shoot irrespective of the level of Cu application.
13. A. K. BEHURA, P. K. MAHAPATRA AND D. SWAIN [Effect of irrigation and nitrogen on physiological growth parameters, yield and yield attributes of rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 92-95 (2006). Department of Agronomy Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751 003 (Orissa), India.
ABSTRACT
The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of irrigation and nitrogen on physiological growth parameters, yield and yield attributes of rajmash. The result envisaged that irrespective of irrigation and nitrogen levels the highest LAI value was attained at 45 days after sowing (DAS), CGR between 45-60 DAS while RGR and NAR each between 30-45 DAS. Irrigation at IW : CPE of 1.4 had higher value of physiological indices, yield attributes and yield than at 1.2 and 1.0 ratio. All the growth indices, yield attributes exhibited an increasing trend with increasing N level upto 120 kg/ha except RGR and NAR at 75-90 DAS. The seed yield obtained with 80 kg N/ha was at par with that of 120 kg N/ha. Application of 80 kg N/ha gave 16.2 and 58.2% more mean seed yield that that of 40 and 0 kg N/ha, respectively.
14. S. S. TOMAR, P. C. JAIN AND R. L. AGRAWAL [Effect of nutrient management practices on yield and quality of soybean]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 96-99 (2006). J. N. K. V. V. College of Agriculture, Gwalior (M. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
To study the response of soybean to integrated nutrient management, an experiment was conducted in two kharif seasons during the year 2000 and 2001. Maximum number of pods per plant, length of pod (cm), number of seeds per pod, test weight of 100 seeds (g), seed yield per plant (g), yield, protein and oil content were observed when higher levels of P2O5 (80 kg ha-1) and FYM (10 t ha-1) were applied and similar results were obtained with dual biofertilizers (Rhizobium+PSB) inoculation over independent application of Rhizobium, PSB and no inoculation.
15. . H. O. SHARMA, MAHESH PATIDAR AND S. B. NAHATKAR [Constraints of soybean production technology in Vindhyan Plateau agro-climatic region of Madhya Pradesh]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 100-110 (2006). Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management J. N. K. V. V., R. A. K. College of Agriculture, Sehore (M. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
A study was conducted to estimate the existing adoption pattern, yield gaps and constraints in adoption of recommended package of practices of soybean. This study was based on the primary data collected from 170 randomly selected soybean growers of Vindhyan Plateau Agro Climatic Region of Madhya Pradesh, which has remarkable area (17.07%) and production (18.0%) in Madhya Pradesh. The study revealed that there was 35.89% adoption gap in the area, which influenced yield upto 48.20% with the potential yield of the soybean. There were various socio-economic constraints, which came in front of soybean growers in adoption of soybean production technologies and have been discussed in detail in this paper.
16. G. FATHI AND N. KHADEMOLHSAENI [Effect of sowing date on biological, seed and oil yield of sunflower cultivars]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 111-119 (2006). Ramin Agricultural Research and Education Center Shahid Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran
ABSTRACT
For obtaining high biological, seed and oil yield, the sunflower requires coincidence of vegetative and reproductive stages of crop growth with suitable environmental conditions via selecting appropriate sowing date. The suitable sowing date for sunflower cultivars under Khuzestan environmental conditions was not determined. This experiment was conducted in 2002 and 2003 at the Ramin Agricultural Research and Education Center, Ahwaz University. In this study, four dates of sowing (August 2, 12, 22 and September 10) and three sunflower cultivars (Chernianka, Zaria and Record) were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with split-plot layout in four replications. Sowing date was considered as the main plot and cultivars were randomized in the sub-plots. Number of seeds per head (SH), 1000-seed weight (SW), seed oil per cent (SOP) and consequently, yield of oil (OY) and seed (SY) except for biological yield (BY) was significantly reduced as sowing was delayed. Reduction in these traits was considered to be related to the coincidence of vegetative and reproductive growth stages with higher temperature prevailing at later sowings. Record had higher SH and SW, and thus produced higher SY. However, seed yield of Zaria increased with the higher SW in second, third and fourth sowing dates. This cultivar had higher SOP than Record, but it was not significant due to its lower SY. Chernianka was ranked the least for the measured traits, except for its SW that was slightly higher than that of Record. SH was the most contributing trait to the increase in SY, and SY was the most determining trait for the increase in OY. Sowing date by cultivar interactions for SH, SW, SY and OY were significant. Nevertheless, the highest amount of the measured traits was obtained with Record at the first sowing date.
17. T. SAMPATHKUMAR, S. KRISHNASAMY, V. VEERABADRAN AND K. SHANMUGASUNDARAM [Effect of drip, surface irrigation methods with rice straw mulch on yield and yield contributing characters of summer cotton] Res. on crops 7 (1) : 120-122 (2006). Department of Agronomy Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during summer season of 2002 to study the effect of drip irrigation and surface irrigation methods with rice straw mulching in cotton. The treatments consisted of six methods of irrigation as main plot and two mulching practices as sub-plot. The higher values for yield attributing characters and highest yield were obtained under drip irrigation. Rice straw mulching @ 5 t ha-1 also increased the yield contributing characters and seed cotton yield over no mulching.
18.. P. DASHORA AND R. P. SHARMA [Evaluation of certain new approaches for weed management in spring planted sugarcane]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 123-125 (2006). Agricultural Research Station, Umedganj, Kota (Rajasthan), India.
ABSTRACT
Field experiment conducted during spring seasons of 2002-03 and 2003-04 revealed that unchecked growth of weeds caused 19.6 to 39.6% loss in cane yield. Among weed control treatments, three hoeings (30, 60 and 90 DAP) provided effective control of weeds and resulted in significantly highest number of millable canes and cane yield. Pre-emergence application of hexazinone+diuron mixture 1.2 kg/ha followed by hand weeding (90 DAP) and sequential spray of metribuzin 1 kg/ha and 2, 4-D 1 kg/ha (60 DAP) followed by hand weeding (90 DAP) also produced the similar effects on the weeds in the crop.
19. D. D. SINGHA, S. PHUKAN AND G. C. BORA [Evaluation of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) genotypes with regard to quantity and quality of jaggery]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 126-129 (2006). A. A. U. Sugarcane Research Station, Buralikson, P. O. Baruabamungaon-785 618 (Assam), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted at the Sugarcane Research Station, Buralikson during 2001-04 with 19 sugarcane genotyeps to evaluate their performance with regard to quantity and quality of jaggery. Different genotypes of sugarcane significantly influenced the jaggery recovery and quality characters. The clone 14/96 produced superior quality jaggery with the highest sucrose content (84.01-86.92%) and the highest gur recovery (11-14%) and showed comparatively high hardness, transmission and low glucose content. This was followed by the clones 22/94, 63/94 and 6/90 and the released varieties CoBln 9101, 9102, 9103 and 9605 with respect to different quality and quantity aspects of jaggery. All these varieties fulfil the requirement of grade 1 standard of jaggery quality with regard to sucrose and glucose content of jaggery.
20. A. MUTHUSWAMY AND C. R. ANANDA KUMAR [Variability studies in drought resistant cultures of rice]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 130-132 (2006). Department of Plant Breeding & GeneticsT. N. A. U. Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam-628 252 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
Twenty-two drought resistant cultures collected from various locations were screened to find out the extent of variability and scope for improvement in yield per plant. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were recorded for boot leaf length, root volume, number of grains per panicle and dry matter production. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was exhibited for plant height, number of productive tillers, boot leaf length, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, root volume, dry matter production and yield per plant indicating additive gene action and possibility of improving these traits by simple selection. High heritability with moderate genetic advance was exhibited for days to flowering and 100-grain weight indicating the involvement of additive and non-additive type of gene action and postponement of selection programmes for the improvement of these traits.
21.A. MUTHUSWAMY AND C. R. ANANDA KUMAR [Correlation and path analysis among the drought resistant rice cultures]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 133-136 (2006). Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics T. N. A. U. Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam-628 252 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
Twenty-two drought resistant rice cultures collected from various locations were studied for estimating genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients and path effects of various yield contributing characters. The characters days to flowering, plant height, boot leaf length, panicle length, 100-grain weight and dry matter production showed positively significant correlation with yield per plant. The root traits viz., root length and root volume had positive and significant correlation with days to flowering, plant height, panicle length and dry matter production. The traits panicle length, root volume and plant height had highly positive direct effect on yield. The traits viz., boot leaf length, 100-grain weight and dry matter production which showed highly significant and positive correlation really contributing negative direct effect for yield expression and may not be dependable as revealed by path analysis. Under such circumstances, simultaneous selection based on plant height and panicle length will improve the yield in drought resistant cultures.
22. P. SIVAKUMAR AND J. R. KANNAN BAPU [Standardization of embryo rescue protocol for incompatible inter sub- specific crosses involving wide compatible gene in rice (Oryza sativa L.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 137-139 (2006). Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics T. N. A. U. Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam-628 252 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
Embryo rescue technique was attempted in three incompatible rice crosses IR 36 x Wcr 6, Bogan x Dular and IR 66165-24-6-3-2 x Moreberkan using wide compatible varieties as male parent. The immature inviable embryos excised 7, 8 and 9 days after fertilization were cultured in normal MS medium with different concentration of 2, 4-D (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g/l) under aseptic condition. The better callus production was observed in 7 and 8 day of inviable hybrid culture as compared to 9 day of inviable embryo culture. Maximum callus induction was observed with MS+1.5 g 2, 4-D/l. It was noted that embryo abortion had normally taken place eight days after embryo formation. Maximum regeneration was observed for all the crosses cultured in MS+1.0 mg kinetin/l. Among the crosses, IR 36 x Wcr 6 showed better callus induction and regeneration capacity when compared to other two crosses tried for embryo rescue.
23. .N. ANANTHI, S. JEBARAJ AND RIWANA BANU [Variability studies in two-line rice (Oryza sativa L.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 140-142 (2006). Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics T. N. A. U. Agricultural College and Research Institute, Mudurai-625 104 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
Genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability, expected genetic advance and genetic advance as per cent of mean for grain yield and its contributing characters were studied for 12 traits in two-line rice hybrids at AC & RI, Madurai during 1998-2000. Wider genetic variability was observed among the populations for different traits. Relatively higher PCV and heritability estimates were recorded for all the traits studied. The GA as per cent of mean was found to be moderate for four characters viz., days to 50% flowering, panicle length, photosynthetic rate and 1000-grain weight.
24. J. SHANTHALA, J. LATHA AND SHAILAJA HITTALMANI [Heterosis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) hybrids for growth and yield components]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 143-146 (2006). Sericulture College University of Agricultural Sciences, Chintamani-563 125, India.
ABSTRACT
In our efforts for obtaining a breakthrough in the plateauing of production and productivity of the staple food crop rice, a novel technology of hybrid rice production through exploitation and utilization of heterosis was employed in the present study. Eight crosses were considered and evaluated alongwith the parents. The extent of heterotic manifestation for different yield attributing components was recorded. The parents HP-32 (39.50), HP-28 (30.20), Jaya (27.29) and Ratna (27.35) were high yielding. HP-28 (138.00) was early maturing. The hybrid Ambrose x HP-32 (28.95) recorded maximum grain yield and dwarf in nature (62.44). Maximum heterosis for grain yield was manifested by the hybrid Jaya x Pokkali (14.79) with medium duration (4.96). The cross Ambrose x HP-32 was the shortest of all (-35.96) and second highest (7.90) in heterotic grain yield manifestation. Most of the hybrids expressed heterosis for yield and yield attributing components, considering the fact that some of the hybrids were dwarf, early maturing and high yielding. The exploitation of heterosis through hybrid breeding programme is beneficial.
25. S. G. BHAVE, P. S. SURVE, S. S. SAWANT, V. W. BENDALE AND B. B. JADHAV [Effect of cytoplasm on heterosis for yield contributing traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 147-153 (2006). Plant Biotechnology Unit Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli, District Ratnagiri-415 712 (Maharashtra), India.
ABSTRACT
The cytoplasmic effect on heterosis was studied for the characters plant height, number of productive tillers plant-1, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, length of panicle, filled grains panicle-1, spikelet fertility, grain yield plant-1 and 1000-grain weight. In present investigation, almost all the yield contributing characters except days to flowering and maturity showed non-significant differences between straight and reciprocal crosses which indicated least role of cytoplasm in generating heterosis. However, significant differences were noted in particular straight and reciprocal crosses may be due to the interaction of the cytoplasm with nucleoplasm at male sterile and restorer lines. The cross RTN 4A x IR 5 could be identified as a promising specific combination.
26.SUMAN SUD AND G. S. MAHAL [Introgression of high molecular weight glutenin subunits encoded at Glu A1 locus from wild Triticum species in Triticum durum and its influence on technological quality]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 154-158 (2006). Department of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Biotechnology Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141 004 (Punjab), India.
ABSTRACT
Durum wheat is used for making pasta products, couscous and various types of breads. Two storage proteins, gliadins and glutenins are found to be associated with making of these quality products. The advanced backcross derivatives from crosses between 14 different accessions of four wild Triticum species used as donors and T. durum cv. PBW 343 lacking Glu A1 locus as recipient parent were analysed using SDS-PAGE. The interspecific derivatives carrying both Ax and Ay subunits from different accessions of T. urartu and T. boeoticum wild species resulted in significant increase of gluten strength as indicated by sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation value (45.8 to 66.0 ml) with an average increase of 40.9% over T. durum cv. PBW 343. The gluten strength of durum derivatives carrying Glu A1 alleles from T. urartu accession 5301 was found to be higher. Similarly, addition of Ax or both Ax and Ay subunits from T. dicoccoides and T. ararticum resulted in an increase of 14.1 ml SDS value on mean basis. The mean increase in protein content of T. durum cv. PBW 343 derivatives carrying Glu A1 alleles from different accessions of T. urartu, T. boeoticum, T. dicoccoides and T. ararticum was 37.0, 35.0, 40.1 and 12.1% over the recurrent parent, respectively. Results of the study suggested that derivatives varied in SDS value as well as protein content, lines having high SDS value and high protein content need further evaluation in relation to their end-product utilization.
27. D. D. SAINI, VED PRAKASH AND S. P. S. CHAUDHARY [Combining ability and heterosis for seed yield and its components in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) under late sown conditions]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 159-164 (2006). Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics R. A. U. Agricultural Research Station, Durgapura, Jaipur-302 018 (Rajasthan), India.
ABSTRACT
A 10 x 10 diallel set analysis excluding reciprocals involving 10 diverse parents was carried out for 10 quantitative traits in durum wheat. Among the parents, Raj 1555 and Jairaj were found to be significantly superior general combiners for seed yield and its components. The crosses LGM-184 x Cr ‘s’-Gs ‘s’, LGM-184 x NP-401 and Cocorit-71 x NI-7987 showed high heterosis for seed yield and some of its contributing traits. The study revealed that both additive and non-additive gene actions were predominantly important for most of the characters including seed yield.
28. R. V. SINGH, O. P. KHEDAR, VED PRAKASH AND N. P. SINGH[Genetic divergence in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 165-166 (2006). R. A. U. Agricultural Research Station, Durgapura, Jaipur-302 018 (Rajasthan), India.
ABSTRACT
The nature and magnitude of genetic divergence were assessed in 33 genotypes of barley using D2 statistics. The population was grouped into seven clusters. Clusters 1 and 2 were larger and included more than half of the total population. The geographical diversity has not been found related to genetic diversity. The varieties P 510 and PL 227 belonging to clusters 6 and 7, respectively, having greater statistical distance between them may be selected for hybridization programme as they are expected to produce reasonably good heterotic effects for grain yield.
29.VINOD KUMAR, R. D. SINGH, M. K. RANA AND D. DATTA [Combining ability studies for yield and its components over environments in maize (Zea mays L.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 167-170 (2006). Division of Genetics Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi-110 012, India.
ABSTRACT
In a 7 x 7 diallel cross of Zea mays L. evaluated in three environments, additive as well as dominance type of gene action was preponderant for all the traits studied. Interaction effects of gca with environment were significant only for grain yield, whereas interactions of sca effects with environment were highly significant for ear length, kernels per row, 100-grain weight and grain yield. The gca effects were more stable over a range of environments, whereas sca effects were much influenced by environmental variation for the traits. Parents Ib 3, Ib 35, and Ib 88 were found to be good general combiners. Cross combinations Ib 37 x Ib 90, Ib 3 x Ib 6, Ib 6 x Ib 90 gave high sca effects for grain yield.
30. R. KAUNDAL AND B. K. SHARMA [Genotype x environment interaction and stability analysis for yield and other quantitative traits in maize (Zea mays L.) under rainfed and high rainfall valley areas of the sub-montane]. Res. on crops 7(1) : 171-180 (2006). Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062 (H. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
Twenty-one elite genotypes were evaluated at two agroclimatically different locations under four environments to assess the nature and magnitude of genotype x environment interactions for grain yield and some other quantitative traits; and to identify the phenotypically stable genotypes for their performance over a wide range of environments and for specific environments. The material was also screened for its reaction to leaf blights at both the locations. The combined environment and genotype x environment variance were highly significant in respect of all the traits. However, the major part of this component was contributed by the environment (linear) which was of much higher magnitude in respect of all the traits in comparison to the G x E (linear) interaction. Estimates of stability parameters and individual regression analysis revealed high grain yield per plant as compared to the grand mean for L-117 and Parvati (composites); and Paras and EHB-1520 (hybrids). S2di values were found non-significant for these genotypes, indicating the role of linear portion of G x E interaction in the performance of these genotypes. Genotypes JH-3189 and Megha for ear length and ear girth, L-124 for leaf area index (LAI) and Paras for grain yield per plant were suitable for cultivation under favourable environments. Whereas L-118 and JH-3189 were suitable for cultivation under poor environments. Genotypes JH-3189 and DHM-105 were susceptible to Helminthosporium turcicum, whereas L-110 was susceptible to H. maydis. Overall, L-117 and Parvati (composites) and EHB-1520 (hybrid) can be recommended for general cultivation; and Paras (hybrid) for rich environments; as these were found high yielding and more ideal as compared to the other genotypes. The F1 hybrids had greater stability for yield and its components across environments compared to the composites.
31. C. APPUNU, E. SATYANARAYANA AND T. NAGESHWAR RAO [Genetic architecture of grain yield and physiological characters in maize (Zea mays L.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 181-186 (2006). Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (A. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
Combining ability analysis was carried out in 10 x 10 half-diallel fashion for physiological traits and yield components. The present study revealed that importance of additive and non-additive gene action for all the characters studied with predominance of non-additive gene action. The pattern of gca effects showed that P1 and P10 were the best general combiners for grain yield per plot, ear height, effective kernel filling period, chlorophyll content, leaf area index and total biomass, while P1 x P4 followed by P7 x P9, P1 x P3 and P9 x P10 was the best specific combination for days to 50% maturity, effective kernel filling period, chlorophyll content, leaf area index, total biomass and gran yield. The selected parents and crosses can be further exploited through heterosis breeding for obtaining maximum benefits from the material.
32. N. PREMALATHA, N. KUMARAVADIVEL AND P. VEERABADHIRAN [Correlation and path analysis for yield and yield traits in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] through Line x Tester analysis]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 187- 190 (2006). Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
Genotypic correlation coefficient and path coefficient analysis carried out in 49 genotypes of sorghum showed that grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with number of grains per panicle and 100-grain weight. The results of path analysis revealed that the direct contribution of 100-grain weight was high (0.9499) on grain yield followed by number of grains per panicle (0.3540), leaf area index (0.0495), plant height (0.0239) and days to 50% flowering (0.0236). Hence, alongwith grain yield, the component traits can also be considered for selection of superior and dual purpose sorghum genotypes.
33.TUSAR PATRA, S. MAITI AND B. MITRA [Variability, correlation and path analysis of the yield attributing characters of mustard (Brassica spp.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 191-193 (2006). Department of Agronomy Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, Nadia (West Bengal), India.
ABSTRACT
Phenotypic correlation studies in Brassica oilseed indicated that seed yield/ha was positively and significantly associated with plant height, total dry matter production and husk weight. Number of siliquae/plant, 1000-seed weight, CGR during 60-75 DAS and number of branches/plant were also positively associated with seed yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of siliquae/plant contributed maximum directly followed by number of seeds/siliqua and 1000-seed weight on seed yield, while indirectly via number of siliquae/plant and 1000-seed weight. Though plant height and husk weight had a total positive correlation with seed yield, their direct effect on yield was negative. On the other hand, number of seeds/siliqua showed very high positive direct effect on yield, but its correlation with yield was found to be non-significant and also negative. It was suggested that direct selection for number of siliquae/plant and 1000-seed weight alongwith lower husk weight would be effective in improving seed yield of Brassica oilseed.
34. V. SRIDHAR, KULDEEP SINGH DANGI, A. VISHNU VARDHAN REDDY AND S. SUDHEER KUMAR[Genetic divergence studies in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 194-197 (2006). Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030 (A. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
Genetic divergence using D2 statistics among 44 sunflower genotypes of different ecogeographic origin revealed existence of considerable diversity. The genotypes were grouped into IX clusters. The clusters I and III were the largest containing clusters with nine genotypes each. The cluster VI was unique and had only one genotype. High order of divergence recorded between clusters could be used as promising parents for hybridization to obtain heterotic response and thus better segregants in sunflower. Plant height and oil content contributed more towards genetic divergence.
35. P. LOGANATHAN, A. GOPALAN AND N. MANIVANNAN [Genetic divergence in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 198-201 (2006). Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
Multivariate analysis of divergence among 50 genotypes of sunflower for eight characters revealed considerable genetic diversity among genotypes and led to their grouping into 14 clusters. The cluster XII was the largest containing seven genotypes followed by cluster VII (six genotypes) and cluster III (five genotyeps). Clusters I, IX, X, XI and XIII had four genotypes each and rest six clusters (II, IV, V, VI, VIII and XIV) had two genotypes each. Seed yield contributed maximum towards genetic divergence followed by 100-seed weight and plant height. The genotypes included in the diverse clusters can be used as promising parents in intermating for obtaining high heterotic response and better segregants.
36. P. LOGANATHAN AND A. GOPALAN [Association analysis in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 202-203 (2006). Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
Correlation coefficient studies conducted with three F2 crosses revealed that 100-seed weight in cross PI 307942 x GP 270 and stem girth in CO 3 x GP 270 had strong positive association with seed yield. Inter-correlations were positive for head diameter vs. oil content in PI 307942 x GP 270, 100-seed weight vs. oil content in CO 3 x GP 270, and plant height vs. 100-seed weight and stem girth vs. oil content in CO 3 x TNHP 2. The results indicated that independent improvement of characters without affecting each other could be made in sunflower breeding programme.
37. P. LOGANATHAN AND A. GOPALAN [Estimation of genetic variability in F2 population of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 204-205 (2006). Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
In sunflower, three F2 generations of cross combination, namely, PI 307942 x GP 270, CO 3 x GP 270 and CO 3 x TNHP 2 were evaluated in a randomized block design during December 2001 for six characters. High estimates of phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were obtained for 100-seed weight in PI 307942 x GP 270. High estimates of heritability coupled with high genetic advance were observed for seed yield in CO 3 x GP 270 and CO 3 x TNHP 2.
38. . P. LOGANATHAN AND A. GOPALAN [Heterosis for yield and yield components in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 206-212 (2006). Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
Nine parents and 36 hybrids of sunflower genotypes were evaluated under two replications in RBD design for heterosis for 10 characters. The hybrids CO 3 x TNHP 2, PI 307942 x TNHP 2, PI 18408 x TNHP 2, TNHP 2 x GP 270, TNHP 2 x GP 161, EC 68414/8 x TNHP 2 and AMES 1831 x TNHP 2 recorded significantly superior seed yield, high standard heterosis and hence recommended for commercial exploitation.
39. P. LOGANATHAN AND A. GOPALAN [Combining ability in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 213-217 (2006). Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
A study was conducted involving nine diverse genotypes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to half diallel analysis. The ratio of gca : sca indicated the predominant role of additive variance for days to 50% flowering, plant height, head diameter, stem girth, hull content, 100-seed weight, seed yield and oil content. Predominance of non-additive genetic variance chiefly controlled the expression of filled seeds and autogamy. Among the parents, CO 3 and TNHP 2 were found to be the best general combiners for seed yield. Thirty-one hybrids showed significant sca effect for seed yield.
40. P. LOGANATHAN AND A. GOPALAN [Gene action for certain quantitative characters in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 218-220 (2006). Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
Genetic parameters were estimated for some quantitative characters from the data of a half diallel cross involving nine diverse parents of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Over dominance was involved for 10 different traits. The heritability estimates were of moderate to high days to 50% flowering, plant height, head diameter, stem girth, 100-seed weight, seed yield and oil content except for filled seeds, autogamy and hull content.
41. SUVARNA, P. V. KENCHANAGOUDAR, S. N. NIGAM AND M. V. CHANNABYREGOWDA [Genotypic evaluation for yield and its attributes under imposed moisture stress conditions in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)*]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 221-228 (2006). Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding Agriculture College, Raichur (Karnataka), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was carried out at ICRISAT, Patancheru, A. P. during rabi/summer season to screen 20 groundnut genotypes under three drought conditions. The genotype ICGV 86031 performed better both under normal and stress conditions. Genotypes ICGV 93261, 93269, 93277 and KRG 1 had high yield and less per cent yield reduction under the stress conditions.
42. S. THIRUGNANA KUMAR, N. SENTHIL KUMAR, R. ESWARAN, A. ANANDAN, J. GANESAN AND S. THANGAVELU1 [Breeding conceptsascertained from experiments on sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 229-237 (2006). Department of Agricultural Botany Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
The following breeding concepts were ascertained from the experiments on sesame (1) The causal factors determining genetic correlations depended on season, (2) Total dry matter production and seed yield were the choice of characters, (3) Mean productivity, production response and production stability were relatively independent of each other, (4) Genetic diversity was not fully related to geographical diversity, (5) Superior cross combinations involved atleast one parent with high general combining ability, (6) There was no obvious relationship between genetic diversity and combining ability, (7) The chances for the occurrence of high frequency of heterotic crosses expressing high degree of heterosis were more, when the parents were genetically diverse, (8) Seed yield and its component traits were affected by maternal effects and cytoplasmic influence, (9) Seed yield was determined by dominance x dominance type of genetic system. Dominance ratio was more than unity. Over dominance was associated with duplicate dominant epistasis and (10) Reciprocal recurrent selection might be used to harness the gene interaction, in the presence of cytoplasmic influence.
43. A. MOTHILAL AND V. MANOHARAN [Character association and path analysis for yield and yield components in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 238- 240 (2006). T. N. A. U. Regional Research Station, Vridhachalam-606 001 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
Thirty-two hybrids and 12 parents were studied for seed yield and its contributing traits in sesame. Seed yield was positively and significantly correlated with number of branches, number of capsules on main stem, number of capsules on branches, number of seeds per capsule and 1000-seed weight. Number of branches, number of capsules on branches and number of seeds per capsule showed positive direct effects on seed yield. Selection for these traits will be useful in increasing seed yield in sesame.
44. VIVEK SINGH, M. P. CHAUHAN, K. KUMAR AND R. B. SINGH [Triple test cross analysis for yield and yield contributing traits in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)*]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 241-242 (2006). Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding N. D. University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad-224 229 (U. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
Triple test cross analysis involving three testers (P1, P2 and F1) and 10 diverse lines/varieties was performed to detect epistasis for different characters of linseed. Epistasis was found to contribute significantly generally for all the traits. The additive and dominance components were estimated by excluding the lines showing significant estimates for epistasis. The estimates of additive (D) genetic variance were highly significant for all the traits except seeds per capsule and 1000-seed weight, while dominance (H) effects were important for all the characters except secondary branches per plant, seeds per capsule and 1000-seed weight.
45. K. BASKARAN AND A. R. MUTHIAH [Interpretation of hybrid vigour in different cross combinations of pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 243-248 (2006). Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics AgricultureCollege and Research Institute, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
The magnitude of relative heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis of 18 hybrids derived from crosses between six lines and three testers was studied for yield and yield attributing characters. An appreciable amount of heterosis was observed for almost all the characters. Significant positive heterotic effect over mid parent, better parent and standard check (CO 5) was recorded for seed yield per plant in the hybrid VBN 1 x ICPL 83027 (81.74, 66.57 and 68.36) followed by CO 5 x ICPL 83027 (24.46, 23.80 and 25.13) and CORG 9904 x ICPL 83027 (56.47, 17.77 and 19.03). The study revealed good scope for commercial exploitation of hybrid vigour for seed yield and yield attributing traits in above crosses.
46. . K. BASKARAN AND A. R. MUTHIAH [Variability studies in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 249-252 (2006). Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Agriculture College and Research Institute, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
Genetic parameters were studied in 18 hybrid populations synthesized from six female and three male parents in pigeonpea. Genetic variability was found to be highest for number of clusters per plant and number of pods per plant. The characters like number of clusters per plant, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant and seed yield per plant had high heritability and genetic advance suggesting that improvement could be brought about by direct selection. Days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and seed protein content exhibited high heritability but low genetic advance and hence selection for these traits must be taken up in advance generation.
47. RUPINDER SINGH AND C. R. KOLE [Development of some branchless and multifoliate mutants in mungbean through EMS treatment]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 253-254 (2006). Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding Allahabad Agricultural Institute–Deemed University, Allahabad-211 007 (U. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
Pre-soaked (11 h) seeds of mungbean cultivar Pusa-9072 were treated with five doses of ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) at 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% for 4 h under dark. Observation recorded on field grown mutagenised population led to identification of 20 branchless and five multifoliate mutants with the overall mutation frequency of 33.89 and 9.80%, respectively. Desirable mutants were recorded mostly at lower doses of the EMS in the mutagenised M1 population.
48. ANJU DAHIYA, S. K. SHARMA, K. P. SINGH AND O. P. LUTHRA [Path analysis of seed yield components in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 255-257 (2006). Department of Genetics CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India.
ABSTRACT
Path coefficient analysis of yield attributes and seed yield in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) comprising 48 genotypes representing wide agroclimatic regions of the world revealed that in selection programmes, maximum weightage should be given to biological yield, days to pod initiation, number of clusters per plant, seeds per pod and secondary branches per plant since their direct influence on seed yield is highly significant, while their indirect influence via most of the other component characters is negligible.
49. . RUMEE HAZARIKA AND KARTIK BARUAH [Influence of input levels on quality of banana cultivars (Musa spp.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 258-260 (2006). Department of Horticulture Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-785 013 (Assam), India.
ABSTRACT
An experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm as well as in the Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during 2000-01 to study the performance of three commercial banana cultivars of Assam under different input conditions. Nine treatment combinations consisting of three cultivars viz., Jahaji (AAA), Barjahaji (AAA) and Malbhog (AAB) and three levels of input viz., high input, low input and recommended dose were imposed and replicated three times in a factorial randomized block design. Experimental results revealed that quality characters were significantly influenced by both cultivars and input levels. In regards to input levels, the highest TSS (21.90%), reducing sugar (10.03%), total sugar (19.50%) and TSS : acidity ratio (77.59) were recorded under high input level, but reverse trend was observed in case of titrable acidity. On the other hand, though the highest TSS (21.77%), titrable acidity (0.40%), reducing sugar (10.16%), etc. were recorded in cv. Malbhog (AAB), but due to the lowest titrable acidity percentage, cv. Jahaji (AAA) possessed the highest TSS : acidity ratio (77.39) and the lowest value (54.54) by cv. Malbhog (AAB). The results revealed that cv. Jahaji (AAA) performed best than the other cultivars for producing quality fruits under high input level.
50. S. BRAHMA AND D. B. PHOOKAN [Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on yield and economics of broccoli [Brassica oleracea (L.) var. italica] cv. Pusa Broccoli KTS 1]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 261-262 (2006). Department of Horticulture Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-785 013 (Assam), India.
ABSTRACT
A study was undertaken at Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during rabi seasons of 1998-99 and 1999-2000 to find out the effect of varying levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in broccoli using Pusa Broccoli KTS 1 variety. The results revealed that application of fertilizers significantly increased the head yield over control. The treatment comprising 200 kg N, 120 kg P2O5 and 80 kg K2O per ha recorded the maximum yield of 18.11 t/ha which was significantly superior over rest of the treatments in terms of yield and net profit.
51. P. SENTHIL KUMAR, P. SRIRAM, P. KARUPPIAH AND J. GANESAN [Studies on genetic parameters for certain quantitative characters in bhendi [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 263-265 (2006). Department of Agricultural Botany Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
A line x tester analysis in bhendi [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] was carried out with six lines and three testers to estimate the combining ability and heterosis. The combining ability variances indicated the preponderance of non-additive gene action for all the characters studied, indicating the scope for heterosis breeding in crop improvement in bhendi. Lines ML, TCR 2056, GL and testers PK and PP were adjudged as the superior performer for seed yield per plant based on general combining ability effects. The hybrid ML/PK was found to be superior when sca effects and heterosis were considered for many of the traits.
52. S. NATARAJAN, G. R. KUMARESAN AND S. SASIKALA [Standardization of package of practices to promote growth, yield and economics in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) hybrids under protected conditions]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 266-269 (2006). Department of Vegetable Crops Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
A polyhouse experiment was undertaken at Coimbatore during December 2002 to June 2003 to evaluate the effect of different levels of growing media, irrigation regime, integrated nutrient management and mulching on the growth and yield of tomato hybrids SH 7711 and Arka Abhijith. The growth and yield varied significantly among the treatments. The packages consisting of biofertilizers+K as basal with irrigation regime of 20 kPa, split fertilization of NPK and mulching (T6), followed by coir pith incorporated growing medium (T3) alongwith irrigation at 20 kPa, INM with 50 kg each of NPK ha-1 as basal with straight fertilizers and 250 kg each of NPK ha-1 through fertigation with water soluble fertilizers and with mulching were found to be effective in improving various growth and yield parameters. The treatment T3 also recorded the highest cost : benefit ratio (1.61). The indeterminate hybrid SH 7711 was the most suited for production under polyhouse condition.
53. P. N. HARER, R. V. KULKARNI AND B. DEEPTASHRI [Heterosis for yield components, TSS and ascorbic acid contents in tomato [Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.]]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 270-274 (2006). Department of Botany College of Agriculture, Pune-411 005 (M. S.), India.
ABSTRACT
Heterosis in tomato was studied in eight parental half diallel for total fruit yield/plant and 10 other component characters. The highest magnitude of heterosis and heterobeltiosis to the extent of 104.6 and 71.3% was observed for the character fruit yield/plant, followed by number of fruits/cluster (90.8 and 85.5%). The hybrids showing significant increase in yield were between high x low, low x low and medium x low yielding parents, indicating the role of dominance and complementary gene action for this trait. The increase in fruit yield was found to be associated with the increase in component characters. Overall study of hybrid vigour revealed that the crosses Roma x J-10-1-2, HS-101 x Healin and Japan-142 x J-10-1-2 possessed maximum desirable characters and potentials for commercial exploitation. With few exceptions, the trend of heterosis for the qualitative characters, total soluble solids and ascorbic acid content was in opposite direction and the cross Pusa-120 x ACC-99 was the most heterotic for both these characters.
54. H. L. GHADAGE, J. V. KATHEPURI, V. Y. SANKPAL AND S. M. JAWALE[Integrated weed management in winter onion (Allium cepa L.) under irrigated conditions]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 275-278 (2006). Department of Agronomy College of Agriculture, Pune-411 005 (M. S. ), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) season of 2002 to study the effect of herbicides (pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen) alone, and in combination with hand weeding (20 and 40 days after transplanting) on weeds and onion (Allium cepa L.). Season-long crop-weed competition reduced the bulb yield by 58% compared to weed-free condition. All the weed control treatments significantly reduced the population and dry weight of weeds and in turn increased bulb yield significantly, compared to weedy check. Pendimethalin 1.0 kg/ha+hand weeding 40 days after transplanting and two hand weedings at 20 and 40 days after transplanting (weed-free) proved to be the superior integrated weed control approach to control weeds and increase the plant height, bulb diameter, bulb weight and weed control efficiency. These treatments also registered higher additional net returns.
55. CHANDRAPPA, J. V. NARAYANA GOWDA, M. CHANDRE GOWDA AND A. P. MALLIKARJUNA GOWDA [Influence of growth regulators and their combinations on growth and flower production in anthurium cv. Royal Red]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 279-281 (2006). University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore- 560 065 (Karnataka), India.
ABSTRACT
GA3 at 750 ppm produced significantly higher plant height of 46.44 cm and least plant height of 42.17 cm was recorded with TIBA at 500 ppm. Maximum leaf area (248.66 cm2) was recorded in plants treated with GA3 at 750 ppm. While, TIBA at 500 ppm produced lesser leaf area (238.52 cm2). Whereas BA at 1500 ppm recorded significantly maximum number of lateral shoots.
56. V. SRINIVASA [Effect of fertilizers on growth and flowering of Anthuriun andreanum]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 282-284 (2006). College of Forestry, Ponnampet-571 216, Kodagu (Karnataka), India.
ABSTRACT
Five levels of fertilizers viz., 10 : 10 : 20 g NPK/m2/year (one time application), 10 : 10 : 20 g NPK/m2/year (split application), 20 : 15 : 30 g NPK/m2/year (split aplication), 30 : 20 : 40 g NPK/m2/year (split application) and 40 : 25 : 50 g NPK/m2/year (split application) were supplied to Anthurium andreanum cv. Chaco plants. For all the split applications, fertilizers were applied at three split doses at an interval of three months i.e. 3, 6 and 9 months after planting, whereas one time application, entire dose applied as a basal dose three months after planting. Significantly maximum leaf length (17.63 cm), leaf width (8.52 cm), number of suckers (1.88), stalk length (37.31 cm), spadix length (5.0 cm), spadix girth (6.04 mm) and number of flowers (2.25) were recorded in split application of 30 : 20 : 40 g NPK/m2/year compared to other treatments. Split application of 20 : 15 : 30 g NPK/m2/year significantly noticed maximum spathe length (9.88 cm) and spathe width (7.81 cm). Physiological parameters (chlorophyll, carotenoides, anthocyanins and wax) did not differ significantly among different fertilizer levels.
57. V. SRINIVASA[Influence of BA on sucker production in Anthurium andreanum]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 285-287 (2006). College of Forestry, Ponnampet-571 216, Kodagu (Karnataka), India.
ABSTRACT
Anthurium andreanum cv. Hondura plants were treated with five levels of BA (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm) to induce sucker production. Results revealed that as the concentration of BA increased, maximum number of suckers was produced throughout the experimental period. At the final stage, BA at 1000 ppm recorded significantly more number of suckers (1.94) followed by BA at 750 ppm (1.69), BA at 500 ppm (1.44), BA at 250 ppm (1.13) and untreated plants noticed least (1.06).
58. C. CHANDRASEKHARA RAO AND K. MALLA REDDY [Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield and quality of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 288-293 (2006). Department of Horticulture Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University,Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030 (Andhra Pradesh), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted for two successive seasons during 2000-02 on the Chalka soils of Hyderabad to study the effect of organic cakes and inorganic nitrogen fertilisers on the plant height, number of flowers, flower yield and carotenoids pigment content. The study revealed that the plant height and spread increased with increase in castor cake and nitrogen levels. The castor cake @ 6 t/ha and nitrogen @ 120 kg/ha produced the highest plant height and spread, flower size and number of flowers/plant and highest flower yield. As regards carotenoids content, castor cake @ 4 t/ha produced the highest total carotenoid content of 42.60 kg/ha, while the response to nitrogenous fertilizer increased with increase in level of nitrogen. The interaction between castor cake and nitrogen levels revealed that the maximum carotenoid content (50.64 kg/ha) was produced with castor cake @ 4 t + 90 kg N/ha. Further, the higher levels of castor cake @ 6 t/ha with 90 and 120 kg N/ha significantly reduced the total carotenoids content in the flowers which could be due to the dilution of carotenoid concentration because of higher production of flowers per unit area.
59. M. MADHAN MOHAN AND S. M. IBRAHIM [Effect of Co60 on in vitro sugarcane regeneration]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 294-297 (2006). Tissue Culture Unit Department of Agricultural Botany Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104, India.
ABSTRACT
The embryogenic calli obtained from the spindle leaf explants after series of subculture at four weeks interval in Solid MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 2, 4-D were exposed to three different doses of Co60 gamma rays viz., 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 kR. Subsequently, they have been cultured in two different nutrient media viz., MS+BA 2.0 mg l-1 +NAA 0.5 mg l-1 and double strength of MS medium+BA 2.0 mg l-1+NAA 0.5 mg l-1. Gamma ray irradiation enhanced the regeneration frequency in all varieties in all doses of irradiation as compared to control.
60. M. MADHAN MOHAN AND S. M. IBRAHIM [Effect of media on sugarcane regeneration]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 298-300 (2006). Tissue Culture Unit Department of Agricultural Botany Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104, India.
ABSTRACT
The effects of different growth regulators at various concentrations and in combinations on the regeneration from spindle leaf bit derived callus were studied with MS media (normal and double strength). The double strength MS medium (DMS) containing 2.0 mg l-1 BA+0.5 mg l-1 NAA showed the highest percentage of shoot regeneration coupled with earliest regeneration was observed irrespective of varieties tested.
61. M. MADHAN MOHAN AND S. M. IBRAHIM [Callus induction from spindle leaf explants of sugarcane]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 301-303 (2006). Tissue Culture Unit Department of Agricultural Botany Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai-625 104, India.
ABSTRACT
The present investigation was taken up to assess the callus induction performances in six varieties viz., Co 6304, Co 8021, Co 86249, CoSi 86071, CoSi 95071 and CoSi 96071 in various concentrations of 2, 4-D by using spindle leaf explants. Callusing percentage was high with 93.33% with spindle leaf explant in the variety Co 8021, while medium MS+2, 4-D 3.5 mg l-1 used. The earliest callus induction was on the MS medium supplemented with 3.5 mg l-1 2, 4-D in 8.33 days in the variety CoSi 95071. The MS basal medium devoid of 2, 4-D also caused callus induction in varieties Co 8021 and CoSi 86071.
62. S. B. GOWDAR, V. B. NARGUND, Y. S. AMARESH AND B. V. PATIL [Studies on growth model for the development of cotton rust]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 304-306 (2006). College of Agriculture UAS Campus, Raichur-584 101 (Karnataka), India.
ABSTRACT
The present studies were undertaken during three kharif seasons of 1998-99, 1999-2000 and 2000-01 to predict rust by first order auto regression model. It was observed that the maximum per cent disease index (PDI) recorded in three seasons was 25.60. Based on the observed PDI, the auto regressive model developed for rust for 1998-99 was in the form of Yt+1=1.020 Y1 with auto correlation coefficient of R=0.943, for 1999-2000 Yt+1=0.971 Yt with auto correlation coefficient of R=0.971 and for 2000-01 in the form of Yt+1=0.9795 Yt with auto correlation coefficient of R=0.971 and for 2000-01 in the form of Yt+1=0.9795 Yt with auto correlation of R=0.919. The rust was predicted over years by auto regressive models showing auto correlation coefficient (R) of more than 0.850.
63. A. K. MEDHI, SUDIP DHAR AND T. K. MAJUMDAR [Effect of cycocel and naphthalene acetic acid on morpho-physiological growth and yield of green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] at different levels of phosphorus]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 307-310 (2006). Department of Plant Physiology Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252 (West Bengal), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted on green gram [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] cv. PDM-54 in summer season with 12 treatment combinations, consisting of three basal doses of phosphorus (20, 40 and 60 kg/ha), NAA 100 ppm and cycocel 300 ppm as foliar spray. The treatment combination of 60 kg P2O5/ha+NAA 100 ppm was found to be the most effective in improving leaf area index (LAI), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and specific leaf weight (SLW) at different stages of growth. The applied phosphorus, cycocel and NAA also caused increased accumulation of leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll content. The treatment combination of 60 kg P2O5/ha+NAA 100 ppm showed highest seed yield and harvest index (14.86 q/ha and 31.21%, respectively) which was associated with higher number of pods per plant, branching pattern, 1000-seed weight and seeds per pod.
64. K. K. SRIVASTAVA, K. M. BHAT, M. K. SHARMA AND I. T. NAZKI [Studies on multiplication of MM-106 root-stock of apple through trench layering in Kashmir valley]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 311-312 (2006). Division of Pomology S. K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar-191 121 (J & K), India.
ABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted to find out the possibility of large scale multiplication of apple clonal root-stock MM-106 through trench layering, using different combinations of ringing and IBA treatments. Ringing of shoot bases alongwith IBA 2500 ppm treatment induced maximum number of rooted shoots, average number of roots, length of longest root and length of rooted sprouts, hence was the best treatment for faster MM-106 multiplication.
65. H. A. ESECHIE AND A. Y. AL-MASKRI [Relationship between SPAD-502 meter values and extractable chlorophyll in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 313-317 (2006). Department of Crop Sciences Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box 34, Al Khod 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
ABSTRACT
The relationship between SPAD-502 meter values and extractable chlorophyll in chickpea was investigated in experiments conducted at Sultan Qaboos University Agricultural Experiment Station in 2003 and 2004. Chickpea seeds were sown in free-draining plastic pots (22 cm diameter and 30 cm deep) filled with autoclaved sandy loam soil (coarse-silty, mixed, hyperthermic, Torriarents). To induce a range of chlorophyll concentration in the leaves, seedlings were irrigated with a series of nitrate levels ranging from 50 to 150 ppm N two or three times a week. Chlorophyll measurements were made four weeks after seedling emergence with the SPAD-502 meter and by chemical extraction with N, N-dimethylformamide. Extracted chlorophyll contents in the leaves of chickpea were significantly related to SPAD readings in both the 2003 and 2004 experiments. Regression equations of extracted chlorophyll and SPAD-502 meter reading from pooled two years’ data produced r2 values of 0.81 when extracted chlorophyll was expressed on fresh weight basis and 0.84 when expressed on leaf area basis. Based on these results, and in view of the fact that no leaf tissue damage occurred during the SPAD procedure, it was suggested that the SPAD chlorophyll meter could be a useful tool in physiological studies involving chlorophyll determination in chickpea.
66. B. SUNIL KUMAR, M. PRAKASH, K. SARAVANAN AND J. GANESAN [Biophysical and morpho-physiological basis of heterosis in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 318-320 (2006). Department of Agricultural Botany Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
A study was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar to assess the heterosis for physiological characters in 20 crosses in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. Wide range of variability was observed for photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. Photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, dry matter production and specific leaf area were found to be significant and positively associated with seed yield per plant for most of the crosses.
67. A. K. PATIL, S. R. KULKARNI, R. V. KULKARNI AND G. L. CHUNALE [Field screening of soybean genotypes for resistance to girdle beetle]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 321-323 (2006). Department of Entomology College of Agriculture, Kolhapur-416 008 (M. S.), India.
ABSTRACT
Twenty varieties of soybean were evaluated against girdle beetle (Obereopsis brevis Swed.) for resistance in kharif seasons of 1999, 2000 and 2001. The pooled data of three seasons revealed that none of the varieties was free from the incidence of girdle beetle. The percentage of shoot damage was significantly lowest in the variety JS-335 (2.49%) than the rest of the varieties and it was on par with Moneta (2.97%), PK-372 (3.23%) and Pusa-20 (3.23%). The variety JS-335 produced significantly more grain yield (19.32 q ha-1) than the remaining varieties except Pusa-20.
68. VIKAS KULKARNI, M. S. PATIL AND P. M. SALIMATH[Combining ability studies for shootfly resistance in rabi sorghum]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 324-326 (2006). Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-580 005 (Karnataka), India.
ABSTRACT
The study of combining ability for shootfly resistance and yield contributing traits in sorghum was carried out using line x tester analysis. Ratio of general combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sca) variances indicated the presence of non-additive gene action of all characters except days to 50% flowering, fodder yield, 1000-seed weight and per cent dead heart. Parents M31-2A, Muddihalli jola and M35-1 were found to be the best for shootfly resistance, while hybrids M31-2A x 9-13, 116A x Muddihalli jola and M31-2A x GRS-1 manifested high per se performance and could be exploited for their commercial utilization.
69. MANI BHUSHAN THAKUR, M. M. JHA AND SANJEEV KUMAR [Evaluation of some fungicides against red rot disease of sugarcane caused by Colletotrichum falcatum Went. in vitro]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 327-329 (2006). Department of Plant Pathology Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur-848 125 (Bihar), India.
ABSTRACT
All the tested fungicides viz., bavistin, topsin, blitox 50, dithane M-45 and captaf at various concentrations, evaluated against Colletotrichum falcatum Went. in relation to its radial growth and conidial germination, had shown inhibitory effect for radial growth and conidial germination at all the tested concentrations. However, in case of bavistin, 100% inhibition was noticed at the lowest concentration of 100 ppm which was achieved by other tested fungicides at higher doses ranging from 500 to 2500 ppm. As the concentration of test fungicides increased, growth of the test fungus decreased. Bavistin was found as the most effective fungicide against red rot pathogen.
70. MANI BHUSHAN THAKUR, M. M. MISHRA, M. M. JHA AND SANJEEV KUMAR [Studies on different factors influencing the growth and sporulation of red rot pathogen under in vitro condition]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 330-333 (2006). Department of Plant Pathology Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur-848 125 (Bihar), India.
ABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted at Sugarcane Research Institute, Pusa to know the factors influencing the growth and sporulation of red rot pathogen. The results revealed that among the cultural studies maximum growth and sporulation were found in solid and liquid Richards media. Whereas lowest were obtained on glucose peptone medium. The maximum growth and sporulation were observed on media containing sucrose as a carbon source and potassium nitrate as a nitrogen, whereas lowest growth and sporulation were obtained on medium containing lactose as a carbon source and ammonium nitrate as a nitrogen source. The optimum pH level (7) and temperature (30°C) were observed for the maximum growth and sporulation of the pathogen.
71. ASHWANI K. BASANDRAI, N. PATHANIA, RAX PAUL AND P. D. TYAGI [Virulence dynamics of Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 334-337 (2006). Department of Plant Pathology CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062 (H. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
Virulence dynamics of Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici popularizations were studied during the crop seasons of 1990-91 to 1992-93 at CSK HPKV, Palampur, a hot spot for the disease. No virulence was trapped on genes Pm 1 (Norka x Cc8), PM 4a (Khapli x Cc8), Pm 2+6 (TP 114), Pm 2+4b (Sappo) and Pm 4b+8 (Kronjuwel) during the period under study. The virulences on genes Pm 3a (Asosan x Cc8), Pm 3c (Sonora x Cc8), Pm 3e (Michigan Amber x Cc8), Pm 5 (CS/Hope) and PM 7 (Transec) were prevailing throughout the season and did not show any set pattern of change.
72. N. PREMALATHA, N. KUMARAVADIVEL AND P. VEERABADHIRAN [Character association for grain mold resistance in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 338-341 (2006). Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
Thirty-six hybrids produced by crossing four lines and nine testers of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] by Line x Tester fashion raised in Millet Breeding Station, Centre for Plant Breeding and Genetics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The resistant lines such as CSV 15, APK 1 and CO(S) 28 and the moderately susceptible testers viz., SPV 1481, SPV 1531, SPV 1333, SPV 1521, SPV 1532 and SPV 1472 were involved. Water imbibition was more in susceptible genotypes in two hours and then increased many folds. Whereas water imbibition was comparatively less in first two hours in resistant genotypes and then increased steadily with the time. Among 36 hybrids screened for grain mold resistance reaction, five hybrids, namely, CSV 15 x SPV 1531, CSV 15 x SPV 1521, CO 26 x SPV 1531, APK 1 X SPV 1531 and CO(S) 28 x SPV 1531 showed resistance to grain mold. Among 24 selected genotypes, 13 genotypes recorded more phenolic content than the resistant check CO(S) 28. Among the hybrids, APK 1 x SPV 1531 recorded high breaking strength and among the parents APK 1 recorded high breaking strength.
73. PREETI AGGARWAL AND A. K. SOOD [Evaluation of fungicides against hill bunt]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 342-345 (2006). Department of Plant Pathology CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur-176 062 (H. P.), India.
ABSTRACT
Hill bunt is one of the important diseases of wheat. It has been listed as potentially dangerous disease under Indian conditions. Several contact and systemic fungicides which are highly effective against seed-borne inoculum alone or seed and soil-borne inoculum both are currently in use in the USA and the problem of bunt which used to be a serious problem there has now been effectively solved. However, in India, though many fungicides have been recommended from time to time, for the control of bunt but this disease continues to be a very serious problem particularly in the remote hilly areas as the farmers usually do not treat the seed before sowing. In the present study also fungicides like emisan 6, dithane M-45 and thiram among the non-systemics and tilt 25 EC, bavistin 50 WP, vitavax 75 WP and vitavax 200 among the systemic group were found quite effective. Wet seed treatment with tilt @ 0.01% was found to give complete (100%) control of bunt. Further more, cost of this fungicide has also been evaluated as the lowest (Rs. 15/q of seed) in comparison to all other tested fungicides.
74. D. P. KHUNTIA, M. DEBATI DEVI AND T. K. MAHATA [Effect of accelerated ageing on seed quality of sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.)]. Res. on crops 7 (1 : 346-350 (2006). Department of Seed Science and Technology Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741 252, (West Bengal), India.
ABSTRACT
Seeds of two genotypes, Bidhan Shan and its parental type were divided into large and small size and allowed aged for 0-10 days in accelerating ageing and evaluated through laboratory test. Germination per cent was significantly different among the seeds exposed to accelerating ageing for different days. Seed germination decreased with increase in ageing periods, and this decrease varied between seed sizes and genotypes. Large seeds of Bidhan Shan showed highest germination percentage and the rate of deterioration was slower. Rate of decrease in root length of large seeds of genotype Bidhan Shan was slow. Vigour index in 0-day aged seed was recorded highest in Bidhan Shan of large seeds and the lowest in parental type (local variety) of small seeds. Electrical conductivity values of small seeds were higher as compared to large seeds in all ageing periods. Small seeds deteriorated at faster rate.
75. C. ALAGESABOOPATHI AND G. SENTHILKUMARAN1 [Macropropagation of Andrographis macrobotrys Nees–A medicinal plant]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 351-352 (2006). Department of Biotechnology Mahendra Arts and Science College, Kalippatti-637 501, Namakkal (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
Andrographis macrobotrys Nees (Acanthaceae), an important tribal medicinal plant of the Shevaroy Hills, was noted to be restricted in its distribution due to biotic pressure. The species was successfully propagated by stem cuttings in its habitat. The percentage of establishment was reported to be 62.
76. . C. ALAGESABOOPATHI AND G. SENTHILKUMARAN1 [Seed germination studies on Andrographis lineata Nees–An endemic species of medicinal importance]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 353-354 (2006). Department of Biotechnology Mahendra Arts and Science College, Kalippatti-637 501, Namakkal (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of seed germination studies on Andrographis lineata Nees (Acanthaceae), an important tribal medicinal plant of the Shevaroy Hills. Average germination percentage was 37.
77. . S. KANNAN AND K. R. GANESH [Studies on castor as temporary shade crop in young coffee plants of Pulneys, Tamil Nadu]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 355-357 (2006). Regional Coffee Research Station, Thandigudi-624 216, Dindigul District (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted to study the performance of coffee under castor shade and castor as intercrop in young coffee plants. Seeds of castor were sown in July 2001 and seedlings of coffee were planted during August 2001. Growth characters such as stem girth and growth index of coffee were taken every year. Seeds of castor were harvested 182 DAS. Results showed that performance of coffee was good under castor shade and castor gave moderate yield during the study period.
78. G. GAYATHRI, R. K. THEODORE AND KARNAM LOKANADHAN [Impact of extension programmes of a private agro-input firm in Tamil Nadu]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 358-362 (2006). Department of Agricultural Extension Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003 (Tamil Nadu), India.
ABSTRACT
A study was conducted to assess the impact of extension programmes conducted by a private agro-input firm–Coromandel Fertilizers in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu. The awareness and participation levels of majority of the programmed area respondents in the extension programmes of Coromandel Fertilizers were found to be high. As a consequence, the awareness and adoption levels of fertilizer and pesticide products of Coromandel Fertilizers by majority of the programmed area respondents were high. The converse was true in the non-programmed area.
79. S. NATARAJAN, G. R. KUMARESAN AND S. SASIKALA [Correlation and regression analysis among some agronomic characters in soybean]. Res. on crops 7 (1) : 363-365 (2006). Department of Agronomy Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur-313 001 (Rajasthan), India.
ABSTRACT
The results revealed that in soybean plant height at harvest was important character for describing the variation in dry matter accumulation at harvest (r=0.992 and R2=0.98) and in pods/plant (r=0.994 and R2=0.99) including their regression coefficients non-significant. The character pods/plant had almost the same correlation coefficient as between plant height and DMA at harvest. The character seed yield could be predicted by total S uptake, followed by dry matter accumulation at harvest, plant height, total P uptake, pods/plant, primary branches/plant and other characters.