Volume 58, Number 1 & 2 (January & March 2023)
1. IMAN AHMADI*, ABDOLMAHDI BAKHSHANDEH AND MOHMMAD HOSSEIN GHARINEH [Modelling the interaction of urea fertilizer and herbicide doses on wheat yield in competition with weed]. Crop Res. 58 (1&2): 1-11 (2023). Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Iran *(e-mail: imanahmadi400@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Understanding the interaction between crop-weed competition and herbicide doses may, in many cases, result in a recommendation to reduce the consumption of the herbicide, which is both environmentally and economically important. Nitrogen fertilizer also influences the competitive balance through changes in weed density and biomass, and also contributes to environmental pollution. Hence, the evaluation of the interaction of herbicide doses and nitrogen fertilizer application is necessary for proper management of weeds and achieving acceptable economic yield along with minimizing environmental negative impacts. In order to modelling wheat–Sinapis arvensis L. and Avena ludoviciana Durieu competition in response to urea and herbicide doses Othello OD, a field experiment was conducted as split plots in a randomized complete block design with four replications at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. Urea fertilizer included five levels of 0, 45, 90, 180 and 330 kg/ha of urea was considered as the main plot and the herbicide dose of “Othello OD” in six levels of 0, 0.32, 0.64, 0.96, 1.28 and 1.6 l/ha (recommended dose 1.6 l/ha) was considered as the sub-plot. Based on the combined model, the dosage required for reducing the weed biomass to less than 150 g/m2 with consuming of 0, 45, 90, 180, 250 and 330 kg/ha of urea fertilizer was predicted to be 0.64, 1.04, 1.12, 0.96, 0.88 and 0.80 l/ha, respectively. Also, with application of 330 kg urea fertilizer with 0.32, 0.64, 0.96, 1.28 and 1.6 l/ha of herbicide, wheat grain yield respectively, 298.58, 450.62, 585.74, 654.35 and 675.58 g/m2, receipt. The lowest number of weed seeds was obtained in 1523.58 with 330 kg/ha urea fertilizer with 1.6 l/ha of herbicide dose.
2. G. BHARGAVI* AND A. SUNDARI [Effect of nano urea on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa) under SRI in the Cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu]. Crop Res. 58 (1&2): 12-17 (2023). Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University Chidambaram-608002 (Tamil Nadu), India *(e-mail: bhargavi.guda9@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
The intensive agriculture involves imbalanced application of nitrogenous fertilizers, and their low nutrient efficiency will ultimately have a negative impact on soil. In the new scenario of increasing environmental constraints may represent an opportunity for nano fertilizers. Among the recent technologies, nano fertilizers are the emerging innovation, which have the potential to offer sustainable solutions to enhance the efficient use of nutrients and the crop yield. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India during kharif 2021-22 to study the effect of nano urea on the growth and yield of rice under system of rice intensification. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with five replications. There were four treatments viz., T1–Farmer’spractice with RDF 120:40:40 (NPK kg/ha), T2–100% RDN+Nanourea (2 foliar sprays)+P+K, T3–75% RDN+Nanourea (2 foliar sprays)+P+K and T4–50% RDN+Nanourea (2 foliar sprays)+P+K. The experimental findings revealed that application of 75% RDN+Nanourea (2 foliar sprays)+P+K found to be most productive in terms of plant height (32.1, 65.7, 83.6 cm), leaf area index (5.10), dry matter production (3.2, 7.2, 13.2 t/ha) and number of productive tillers/m2 (17.6) resulting in higher grain yield (5485.2 kg/ha) and straw yield (7525.2 kg/ha). Nano fertilizers significantly improved the plant growth performance and imparted sustainability to crop production with comprising the crop yield.
3. M. S. BHAGAVATHI*, G. BARADHAN, S. M. SURESH KUMAR AND M. AJITHKUMAR [Effect of different establishment methods and weed management strategies in rice (Oryza sativa) under Cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu]. Crop Res. 58 (1&2): 18-23 (2023). School of Agricultural Science Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research Chennai-600073 (Tamil Nadu), India *(e-mail: bhagavathiudaya93@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Higher demand, cost of labour and low availability of water have forced the farmers to look for an alternative method of rice cultivation as a substitute to the existing conventional method of transplanting. Direct method of rice cultivation is better alternative over transplanting method. This is not only laboursaving method, but also results in significant water saving method in rice cultivation. However, the direct method of rice cultivation confronts with severe weed infestation in initial stage of crop growth and yield losses if weeds are not managed well. Therefore, this research work was conducted to study the establishment percentage and weeds of rice under different rice establishment methods and weed management practices during kuruvai seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21 with five main plots as establishment methods and six weed management practices as sub-plots in split-plot design on clay loam soil. The results demonstrated highest establishment percentage, WCE% and lesser weeds population obtained under SRI method of rice transplanting. All the herbicides reduced the weed population significantly as compared to weedy check. Pretilachlor 6% GR + bensulfuron methyl 0.6% (PE) and bispyribac sodium 10% SC (POE) reduced the weed population. Maximum reduction in yield due to weeds served in weedy check plot and lowest was recorded in PE followed by POE herbicidal application plot. Application of PE pretilachlor+bensulfuron methyl 0.6% @ 10 kg/ha under SRI method of transplanting resulted in highest average weed control efficiency.
4. DEIMONLANG NONGTDU*, R. KRISHNAMOORTHY, R. RAMAN AND K. DHANASEKARAN [Effect of organic foliar nutrients on the growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa)]. Crop Res. 58 (1&2): 24-28 (2023). Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India *(e-mail: dngtdu.dn.mon@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Green revolution technologies played an important role in alleviating hunger but had adverse effects on natural resources. Our Indian agriculture completely transformed from begging bowl to self-sufficiency in food grain production with high yielding varieties supported by judicious inorganic fertilizers. In addition to that we have crossed the self-sufficiency level and focusing more on speciality agriculture. But at the same time, we forgot practising and recycling the organic manures which sustained the soil health and quality of produce. For a better yield achievement, combination of organic foliar nutrition will help in management of input practices. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Experimental Farm, Annamalai University during Kuruvai season in 2021 to evaluate the effect of organic foliar nutrients on growth and yield of rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments and replicated thrice. The treatment consisted of amirthakaraisal, panchagavya, vermiwash, fish amino acid, sea weed extract, humic acid, gibberellic acid and jeevamritham with different concentration along with recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF). Short duration rice variety ADT-43 was used as test variety. The foliar spray was done at active tillering and panicle premordial initiation stage. Among the treatments tried out, RDF+Jeevamritham at 3% recorded the maximum plant height (114.70 cm), leaf area index (6.14), number of panicles/m2 (396), number of filled grains/panicle (102.67), grain yield (5752 kg/ha) and straw yield (7953 kg/ha). Therefore, it can be suggested as a substitute source of nutrients for the growth and yield of rice.
5. BHUMI REDDY DIVYA VANI*, N. RAMESH, S. MANIMARAN AND P. THANGAVEL [Effect of organic mulches and kaolin clay foliar spray on growth, yield attributes and yield of dry land maize (Zea mays)]. Crop Res. 58 (1&2): 29-33 (2023). Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Annamalai University, Chidambaram-608 002 (Tamil Nadu), India *(e-mail: bhumi.divyareddy857@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
The study area is warm, semi-arid and is highly variable with droughts and irregular occurrences of above average rainfall resulting in water scarcity thus leading to ground water stress and less soil organic matter which is a major constraint for agriculture. To mitigate this, a field experiment was carried out during kharif June 2020 at farmers’ field of Chinna Dudyala village, Muddanur, Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh to evaluate the effect of organic mulches and kaolin clay foliar spray in dry land maize. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design consisting of nine treatments and three replications, viz. T1–Paddy straw mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 40 DAS, T2–Paddy straw mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 20 and 40 DAS, T3–Groundnut haulm mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 40 DAS, T4–Groundnut haulm mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 20 and 40 DAS, T5–Coir-pith mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 40 DAS, T6–Coir-pith mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 20 and 40 DAS, T7–Sugarcane trash mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 40 DAS, T8–Sugar cane trash mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 20 and 40 DAS and T9–Farmer’s practice (No mulch). Among the different treatments, the growth parameters, yield attributes and yield were favourably influenced with the application of Coir-pith mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 20 and 40 DAS. These results proved that application of Coir-pith mulch+Kaolin clay foliar spray @ 3.0% on 20 and 40 DAS enhanced the soil physical condition and provided sustainable crop growth and productivity of maize.
6. K. BHANUSRI*, M. SRINIVASA REDDY, U. VIJAYA BHASKAR REDDY AND P. KAVITHA [Optimizing fertilizer schedules for irrigated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under scarce rainfall zone of Andhra Pradesh]. Crop Res. 58 (1&2): 34-39 (2023). Department of Agronomy Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University Nandyal-518 502 (Andhra Pradesh), India *(e-mail: bhanusri1704@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Conventionally chickpea is cultivated as rainfed crop but under irrigated conditions the optimum dose of fertilizers was not known and the research was also limited. The purpose of this study was to study the optimum dose of fertilizers for chickpea under irrigated conditions. A field experiment was conducted to study the growth and yield of chickpea under varied levels of fertilizer application on sandy loam soils at Agricultural College, Mahanandi during rabi 2021-22. The experimental field was laid out in a randomized block design with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. Nitrogen and phosphorus were applied through urea and single super phosphate, respectively, to all the plots. The results revealed that significantly higher and comparable values of plant height (44.0 cm), number of branches/plant (28.7), number of pods/plant (63.4), 100-seed weight (32.4 g), seed yield (1346.1 kg/ha), gross returns (71344.7 Rs./ha), net returns (43187.7 Rs./ha) and B : C ratio (2.5) were registered with treatment 20 kg N basal+20 kg N split+60 kg P2O5 basal (T9) and higher dry matter accumulation (7168.5 kg/ha) and haulm yield (1352.0 kg/ha) with 20 kg N basal+20 kg N split+70 kg P2O5 basal (T10). Number of seeds/pod and harvest index were not significantly affected by levels of fertilizer application.
7. M. TAMIZHVENDHAN, S. KANDASAMY*, DE. KEERTHI, R. KISHNAMOORTHY AND C. KALAIYARASAN [Studies on application of graded levels of phosphorus through PROM and biofertilizers on irrigated blackgram (Vigna mungo)]. Crop Res. 58 (1&2): 40-43 (2023). Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar-608 002 (Tamil Nadu), India *(e-mail: sandeepkand03@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Phosphorus is a major nutrient giving widespread response in different kinds of soil especially in legumes. In India, soils of nearly 46% of the area are in the low P category. Thus, there is a need for application of P for achieving higher yields in 98% of the soils of India. There is a vast scope for extension of area as well as increasing the productivity of blackgram. Besides bringing more area under pulses, yield maximization with agronomic practices such as phosphorus nutrient management through phosphate rich organic manure (PROM) source with biofertilizers to be adopted to increase the production of blackgram. Hence, there is a need to evaluate the appropriate nutrient management methods. The field experiment was conducted at Tiruvannamalai district of Tamil Nadu, India during June – August 2021 to study the graded levels of phosphorus and biofertilizers on irrigated blackgram. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with four main plots (M1–Control, M2–20 kg P2O5/ha, M3–40 kg P2O5/ha and M4–60 kg P2O5/ha through PROM) and six sub-plots (S1–Control, S2–Seed treatment and soil application with Rhizobium, S3–Seed treatment and soil application with Phosphobacteria, S4–Seed treatment and soil application with Rhizophos, S5–Seed treatment and soil application with AM fungi and S6–Seed treatment and soil application with AM fungi + Rhizophos replicated thrice. Application of P2O5 @ 40 kg/ha through PROM along with seed treatment and soil application of AM fungi + Rhizophos was found to be superior to other treatments by producing higher number of branches (9.96), seed yield (1198 kg/ha), haulm yield (1685 kg/ha) and harvest index (41.55) and achieved the higher productivity and profitability.
8. T. J. T. SANGMA*, C. P. SURESH, P. PAL, F. H. RAPUNGA AND E. WAR [Standardization of jackfruit pickle based on traditional methods practiced by people of Garo Hills, Meghalaya]. Crop Res. 58 (1&2): 44-52 (2023). Department of Horticulture, North-Eastern Hill University Tura Campus, Tura-794002 (Meghalaya), India *(e-mail: todjim@rediffmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Jackfruit, which is nutritionally rich, is readily available in Garo Hills but is still underutilized and goes to waste every year. Preparation of pickle can make the fruit available throughout the year as well as minimise wastage. A study was conducted during 2018-19 in the Department of Horticulture, North-Eastern Hill University, Tura Campusto prepare jackfruit pickles using about 75 and 90 days old tender green jackfruits. Three methods were used in the preparation of pickles viz., traditional method (boiling the cut fruit pieces in water to soften them), modified method 1 (steam-heating the pieces in an autoclave for softening the pieces) and modified method 2 (sun-drying the fruit pieces for about 2 hours). Following these three methods, two recipe formulations were used for preparation of pickles, which were fixed by making slight modification to the traditional recipe. Storage studies were conducted of the prepared pickles at a bimonthly interval to study the changes in organoleptic properties and biochemical components. It was found that pickles made from tender jackfruit of about 75-90 days old using modified method 1 with either modified recipe 1 or modified recipe 2, were found to be best in terms of organoleptic properties, overall acceptability and consumer preference. Standardising the method with slight modification to the traditional unscientific method will help utilise the fruits to generate income, create employment as well as provide healthy dietary alternative to the common people.
9. G. S. MANOGNA, A. MOUNKIA, G. PUSHPALATA, P. SHAMPA AND N. K. CHAURASIA* [Assessment of genetic parameters on various quantitative traits in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)]. Crop Res. 58 (1&2): 53-56 (2023). Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Centurion University of Technology and Management Paralakhemundi-761 211 (Odisha), India *(e-mail: niranjan.chaurasia@cutm.ac.in)
ABSTRACT
Present investigation was carried out during rabi 2021 with 18 genotypes and three replications in randomized block design at centurion farm, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management (CUTM), Paralakhemundi, Odisha. Analysis of variance revealed that the mean sum of square due to genotype was highly significant for all the characters under study except for days to 50% flowering. The estimates of mean performance on fruit yield per plant revealed that the genotype, Pusa Purple Long had highest fruit yield per plant (2.12 kg/plant) followed by Sabour Sadabahar (1.52 kg/plant), Green Long (1.17 kg/plant) and Black Beauty (1.15 kg/plant). The magnitude of genotypic coefficient of variation was lower than the corresponding phenotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters under test. The high estimation of heritability united with high estimation of genetic advance was recorded for the characters like fruit yield per plant, fruit weight, plant height and fruit length. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for the traits fruit length, fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, shelf life of fruit and fruit yield per plant.
10. INDU KUMARI*, NEHA SALARIA, BHAWNA AND ANJALI [Effect of organic compost on the vegetative growth of ladies’ finger (Abelmoschus esculentus) in sub-tropical Himalayan region of Himachal Pradesh, India]. Crop Res. 58 (1&2): 57-63 (2023). Department of Life Sciences Arni University, Kangra-176401, Himachal Pradesh, India *(e-mail: indu7553@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
In the current situation, food waste is a major issue on a global scale. This food waste may decompose into compost, which may then be used in the agricultural sector to increase the output of vegetable crops. In this perspective, a field study on compost was made from food waste and its impact on ladyfinger production in the sub-tropical Himalayan region of Himachal Pradesh was checked. The main objective of the present study was to make people aware about organic manure prepared by using food waste so that they can adopt these agricultural practices and apply them for good crop production. The field work was carried out in the agricultural land of Arni University, Distt. Kangra of Himachal Pradesh during the month of May-August 2021. The experiment consisted of 10 treatments and 10 control plants. Soil of both control and treatment plot was examined with the standard methods. Morphological parameters i. e. plant height, number of leaves per plant, length of leaves, width of leaves, fruit production of the plants of control and treatment plot were measured and recorded weekly. After the execution of statistics on the data matrix results indicated that compost from food waste increased soil fertility. The application of manure was significantly (P<0.01) superior over the morphological parameters of the control group plants. Findings of the present investigation indicated that plant height (54.83±1.20 cm), leaf length (18.53±0.63 cm), leaf number (12.70±0.26 cm), leaf breadth (15.8±0.95 cm) and fruit size were significantly increased, and it ensured that the organic manure of cow dung and food waste had a favourable impact on vegetable crop production. Future research in this area may assist farmers in reducing crop failure risk and improving production stability.
11. NOOPUR JAYSAWAL* AND R. SURESHKUMAR [Effect of nano nitrogen, nano zinc and nano copper on certain growth and yield characters of ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula L.) cv. COH 1]. Crop Res. 58 (1&2): 64-68 (2023). Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture Annamalai University, Chidambaram-608 002 (Tamil Nadu), India *(e-mail: i.noopur.jaiswal@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
The nutrient release rate in nano fertilizers can be controlled as per environmental conditions like soil moisture percentage, temperature fluctuations and soil acidity level to effectively increase the efficiency of nutrients for plant growth. An experiment was conducted during the year 2021 to find out the best combination in nano nitrogen, nano Zn and nano Cu on certain growth and yield characters of ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula L.) cv. COH 1 at Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India. The data collected for the growth and yield parameters were put through to analysis of variance for randomized block design (RBD). The treatments were scheduled as follows: T1–100% RDF, T2–50% RD-N+100% RD-P+100% RD-K+nano N,T3–25% RD-N+100% RD-P+100% RD-K+nano N,T4–T2+nano Zn (a)+nano Cu (a), T5–T2+nano Zn (b)+nano Cu (a), T6–T2+nano Zn (a)+nano Cu (b), T7–T2+nano Zn (b)+nano Cu (b), T8–T3+nano Zn (a)+nano Cu (a), T9–T3+nano Zn (a)+nano Cu (a), T10–T3+ nano Zn (a)+nano Cu (b) and T11–T3+nano Zn (b)+nano Cu (b). The results generated from the experiment were statistically significant (P0.05) for all the growth and yield characters recorded. The combination of 50% RDF with nano nitrogen @ 2.5 ml, nano zinc @ 4 ml and nano copper @ 4 ml was observed to be significantly superior over other treatments. It recorded profuse growth and yield in respect of maximum vine length (9.69 m), number of primary branches (7.87/vine), number of leaves (251.65/vine), number of fruits (26.60/plant), fruit length (52.36 cm) and fruit weight (472.74 g) were found significantly superior over all the other treatments. This study identified that the combined application of 50% RDF along with nano nitrogen, nano zinc and nano copper had significant influence on certain growth and yield characters on ridge gourd.
12. UTKARSH TIWARI*, S. V. SINGH, R. K. SINGH, NAGESHWAR, PAWAN KUMAR SAINI, ALOK KUMAR MOURYA AND EKTA SAINI [Study on genetic components of grain yield and its contributing characters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)]. Crop Res. 58 (1&2): 69-75 (2023). Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology Kanpur-208 002, Uttar Pradesh, India *(e-mail: utiwari093@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted at Crop Research Farm, Nawabganj, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U. P.) during rabi 2021-22 for estimating the components of variance and other genetic parameters through 8 x 8 parent diallel cross excluding reciprocals for 11 characters in bread wheat. The variance component analysis indicated significant role of additive (D^) and dominant (H^1 and H^2) genetic components for all the traits viz., days to 75% heading, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of productive tillers per plant, spike length (cm), number of grains per spike, biological yield per plant (g), harvest index (%) and grain yield per plant (g) except additive component for 1000-grain weight (2.60) and dominant component for number of spikelets per spike (2.91 and 2.53). The estimates of dominant components (H^1 and H^2) were mostly greater than additive component (D^) for all the characters indicating the greater role of non-additive gene action in the expression of attributes. The relative magnitudes of H^1 component were higher than H^2 component for all the characters except spike length (0.39) indicating unequal distribution of positive and negative alleles in the parent. Over dominance expression for all the attributes was due to the involvement of asymmetrical distribution of dominant genes with positive and negative effects in the parents for all the characters except spike length. Based on study, it was revealed that both additive and non-additive genes were responsible for expression of almost major of the traits.
13. D. SATHYARAJ, T. SABESAN*, K. SOWMIA, K. SARAVANAN AND P. SATHISH KUMAR [Genetic variability of rice genotypes under screening of normal and flash flood condition]. Crop Res. 58 (1&2): 76-82 (2023). Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University-608 002 (Tamil Nadu), India *(e-mail: sabavani@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
The present study was undertaken to expose the flash flood tolerance of rice germplasm for some important quantitative traits with genetic variability existing in the 30 rice genotypes. The coefficients of variation at phenotypic and genotypic levels were marginally high for number of grains per panicle, grain yield per plant, grain breadth, 100-grain weight and number of productive tillers per plant and moderate for the traits viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length and grain length for both normal and flash flood condition. From the results, high heritability coupled with high genetic advance of per cent of mean was observed for grain yield per plant, panicle length, number of productive tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle and 100-grain weight in both normal and flash flood condition, which indicated the predominance of additive gene action, in controlling these traits, early and simple selection could be exercised due to fixable additive gene effects.
14. SURUCHI V. VYAWAHARE*, RAVIKIRAN PAGARE AND PRACHI A. SAOJI [Mutagenic effect of gamma rays and EMS on agronomical traits of niger [Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass.]]. Crop Res. 58 (1&2): 83-89 (2023). Department of Botany, School of Science, Sandip University Mahiravani, Trimbak Road, Nashik-422 213 (Maharashtra), India *(e-mail: suruchi.umalkar@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to augment genetic variability in niger plant [Guizotia abyssinica (L. f.) Cass.] using gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) Niger (G. abyssinica) seeds of cultivar N-71 were exposed to various doses of gamma rays which ranged from 24 to 28 KR and different concentrations of EMS which ranged from 0.2 to 0.4% and in combination. Morphogenic and agronomic traits in the M1 and M2 generations that analyzed included: percentage of germination and survival, plant height, number of branches, capitulum size, number of ray florets per capitulum, number of disc florets per capitulum, head size, number of capitula per plant, number of seeds per capitulum, seed yield per plant and 1000-seed weight. The results of the present study showed that the three gamma irradiation doses used (24, 26 and 28 KR) had decreasing effect in most of the agronomic and morphological traits evaluated in M1. However, combination treatments like 24 KR+0.2% EMS and 26KR+0.4% EMS showed a noteworthy increase of grain yield and yield related components. In general, for the three irradiation doses in M1 population, there were no significant changes observed in morphological traits, however, in progenies of collective mutagenic treated seeds some potential high-yielding mutants were identified.
15. SURAJ SHARMA, KAILASH AGRAWAL*, SOURABH KHORWAL AND INDU SINGH SANKHLA [Characterization and management of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, causing basal kernel blight of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)]. Crop Res. 58 (1&2): 90-100 (2023). Department of Botany University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004 (Rajasthan), India *(e-mail: agkailashindia@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Globally, basal kernel blight caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (PSS) has been recognized as the most serious disease of barley. Recently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based gene sequencing is a more powerful tool to identify bacterial pathogens from seeds as well as other plant materials. The disease can be controlled by chemical treatment in the field which has harmful consequences on the environment and biodiversity. The application of plant extracts for the eco-friendly management of seed-borne pathogens is a popular new biocontrol method. Therefore, this study aimed at isolating and identifying PSS from seeds of barley and assessing the antimicrobial potential of the extracts of some plants viz., Citrus limon, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Ricinus communis, Psidium guajava, Murraya koenigii, Withania somnifera, Eucalyptus globulus and Tecomella undulata to promote effective biocontrol strategy. A total of 28 bacterial pathogens were isolated and tested for various biochemical tests. Results of the LOPAT test (+—+) and GATTa test (++—) primarily indicated the presence of PSS. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on PCR-amplified products with 8F and 1492R primers. The two isolates HV 03 and KASS showed 99.8 and 99.6% homology with strain PSS strain KFB 86 which was isolated from Ficus carica in Serbia. The highest antibacterial activity in vitro was obtained with methanol extract of W. somnifera, P. guajava, E. globulus and M. koenigii. The results specified that the plant extracts which showed promising antibacterial activity may be considered an effective tool for the management of disease caused by PSS in barley.
16. MUKESH KUMAR, DAMA RAM, ANAND CHOUDHARY* AND MAHENDRA KUMAR SARAN [In vitro efficacy of different fungicides against Pyricularia grisea caused blast disease of pearl millet]. Crop Res. 58 (1&2): 101-105 (2023). Department of Plant Pathology Agricultural University, Jodhpur-342 304 (Rajasthan), India *(e-mail: anandparoda84@gmail.com)
ABSTRACT
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is a versatile cereal crop grown for food, feed and forages. It is affected by several diseases. Among them the bajra blast caused by Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc. has become a serious threat to pearl millet grain and fodder production from last 8-10 years. In the present study, efficacy of nine fungicides was evaluated in vitro at three different concentrations (1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm) at Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Agricultural University, Jodhpur in 2020-21. Among all, tricyclazole, carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% and tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25% at all the concentrations completely inhibited the mycelial growth (100%) over control and were found significantly superior over rest of the treatments. Fungicide carbendazim was the second best with (99,100 and 100% inhibition) at 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm concentrations, respectively followed by tricyclozole18%+ mancozeb 62% with (95, 97 and 100% inhibition) at 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm concentrations, respectively. While chlorothalonil fungicide was the least effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth (46, 48 and 51%) at 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm concentrations, respectively.
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